Magento 2.1 – Move Breadcrumbs on Category Pages

To rephrase your question: You want to add the title above the breadcrumb only but on all category pages.

If you want to solve this via layout.xml (which is the best way), you have to remove the Headline from the template/catalog/category/view.phtmlsince it is nested there. After you add a template named headline.phtml in the same folder. You then add this block where you want to have it. The example below adds it to both types of category display:

      <catalog_category_layered translate="label">
                ...
            <reference name="root">
                <block type="catalog/category_view" name="category.headline" as="category-headline" template="catalog/category/headline.phtml"/>
            </reference>
                ...
       </catalog_category_layered>
      <catalog_category_default >
                ...
            <reference name="root">
                <block type="catalog/category_view" name="category.headline" as="category-headline" template="catalog/category/headline.phtml"/>
            </reference>
                ...
       </catalog_category_default>

Now you add the your new block to i.E. to 1column.html as ` getChildHtml('category-headline') ?>

I haven't tested it but otherwise search for "Add phtml block to Magento"

There should be code you given in default.xml

<referenceContainer name="page.top">
       <block class="Magento\Theme\Block\Html\Topmenu" name="catalog.topnav" template="html/topmenu.phtml" ttl="3600"/>
                <container name="top.container" as="topContainer" label="After Page Header Top" htmlTag="div" htmlClass="top-container"/>
                <block class="Magento\Theme\Block\Html\Breadcrumbs" name="breadcrumbs" as="breadcrumbs"/>
</referenceContainer>

You have to also check that remove tags in default.xml

<referenceBlock name="page.top" remove="true" />

Please remove this from default.xml or remove="false".

I hope this will help you.