When I work with multiple ISPs, they refer a connection type as a "10 Gbps wave connection". What does it really mean? I can understand 10 Gbps fiber but what does "wave" meas?
Ethernet – What does “10Gbps wave connection” mean
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In the context of packet capture, or sniffing, packet slicing means saving only a portion of the captured packet. Rather than saving the entire captured packet, usually just the header is saved. This reduces the amount of storage and processing needed to inspect packets.
For forensic analysis, it is helpful to have the entire packet (for example, to see what the payload is). Some organizations capture every packet that leaves or enters their network. In this way, they can analyze a network attack and see exactly what happened. Of course, this takes a lot more storage space.
Twisted pair uses differential signaling - in a pair, one wire is always the negative/complimentary signal of the other. In the simplest example, Transmit+ > Transmit- (higher voltage level) means 1 and Transmit+ < Transmit- (lower voltage level) means 0. Put in another way, each wire is a reference for the other. There is no reference to ground.
For 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX there's a dedicated pair each for transmitting data and receiving data.
With fiber there's no need to compensate EM noise or to remove direct current, so you can just put a data signal on the core. You can buy cheap media converters for connecting e.g. 100BASE-TX and 100BASE-FX, or 1000BASE-T and 1000BASE-LX. Building that yourself is a major project - in addition to the transmission medium, the line codes can be quite different for fiber and copper:
- 10BASE-T to 10BASE-FL could be directly adapted, Manchester throughout
- 100BASE-TX to 100BASE-FX would require PMD de/encoding (-TX uses MLT3) and scrambling/unscrambling, but the PCS is the same 4b/5b
- 1000BASE-T to 1000BASE-LX requires complete PCS transcoding (-T uses four-dimensional PAM5 & scrambling; -X uses straight 8b/10b)
[Edit] As Criggie has pointed out, using a modular transceiver (SFP) with a decent switch is preferable to an external media converter.
Best Answer
Most likely they mean a wavelength on a DWDM path. With DWDM, a fiber operator can use one single pair of fibers to carry a number of different colors (wavelengths) of light using multiplexing. Each of these colors can then be used to transmit its own signal, for example 10Gbps ethernet. This way, they are able to use a fiberpair more efficiently.