Are there any transport layer protocol that does not have the concept of ports? If so what do they use instead? Also how does NAT work for such protocols?
Nat – Are there any transport layer protocol without the concept of port
layer4nat;transport-protocol
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Best Answer
Yes. There are many layer-4 protocols. You can get the full registered list at Assigned Internet Protocol Numbers.
There are things like IGP protocols, e.g. EIGRP or OSPF transport protocols that do not use port numbers. Port numbers are addresses for some transport protocols. Most of the registered transport protocols do not use port numbers. Some use other addressing, and some do not use any addressing.
The port addressing allows an OS to multiplex the protocol, but many transport protocols do not need to multiplex, or they use something other than port addresses to multiplex. There may be only one application that needs the data being transported by a protocol. With something like TCP, you will have many applications using it for communications, but you may have a transport protocol dedicated to a single application.
There are several version of NAT. The common NAT is really NAPT. NAPT really only works well* for TCP, UDP, and ICMP. Other protocols have real problems with NAPT. Remember that NAPT is only a kludge to extend the life of IPv4 until IPv6 is ubiquitous. The IP paradigm is end-to-end, where each endpoint has a unique address, and NAPT breaks this IP paradigm.
*There are also applications using TCP or UDP that have real problems with NAT.