firewallrouterSecurityssh
What is the purpose of a domain name to create SSH keys?
Before enabling SSH on firewall/router, we need to create domain name.
Why is it necessary to do that? What does a domain name do and how is it related to SSH? What role does it play in enabling SSH?
(Examples performed on ISR 1921 G2)
Before we get into the details, I would suggest that instead of backing up your key, you just pull the new key from the new router and update your scripts. You will need to get onto the router without SSH to load the config/enable SSH anyways. This can be done with a script and console cable... you can even pull the new SSH public key out and update your scripts automatically (router#sh ip ssh). I think this is a more secure option. However to answer the question of backing up SSH keys:
You need to generate exportable keys for use with SSH and then export them to a PEM file with a password. Unfortunately the only two options for encrypting them are des and 3des.
Generate the key:
home-1921(config)#crypto key generate rsa general-keys exportable label example modulus 4096
The name for the keys will be: example
% The key modulus size is 4096 bits
% Generating 4096 bit RSA keys, keys will be exportable...
[OK] (elapsed time was 658 seconds)
Jun 15 11:10:05.158: %SSH-5-ENABLED: SSH 1.99 has been enabled
home-1921(config)#
Assign to SSH if not already assigned:
home-1921(config)#ip ssh rsa keypair-name example
home-1921(config)#
Jun 15 11:11:22.467: %SSH-5-DISABLED: SSH 1.99 has been disabled
Jun 15 11:11:22.467: %SSH-5-ENABLED: SSH 1.99 has been enabled
Export the key:
This will export the key to the terminal which can be saved to a file via script or manually.
home-1921(config)#$export rsa example pem terminal 3des somepassword
% Key name: example
Usage: General Purpose Key
Key data:
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIICIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAg8AMIICCgKCAgEAsWwtMdoyj/LKPzXRf53z
8yhIkRAbODN6DXne8JH53PAwtgQ2FrPARvnjWsqWn2EgkHEMkZl5y5tZ0iLITCPf
bK8pXC/9kiLC2VDGQLbHD57AN/+6+0CoXxGW4FtV1dW4tVzo0YafL3L0rrNY8Snk
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UAO8Q0JHYjHVHTtk8tnK5jhSMT68e4GxtsNSAaf5iA2qXY0E4KSZ+NCQJzM7RKa/
/Sj8wmSHRhGYwEzfVdh+Cp3SRjiNSF4nVcECSEsEo5XzhM+yMHUJWeXw18pVFfED
koen7IRw9Sj+uw0pegIwS4D/eniv/SMfPgjVd6RIm2k35GiH59Y73Bufu23+TOoB
siYsZcbQ3QFohe5ix08pTeyvNXl6d6WlZWsyUfl7B9qIf5dICOfxu22xsFkdd3UX
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aQOG44Jyn/ihzaYuAsfbxHvDnKQKIJtQoJtrbrgjAh93GT/HIyHRLz1iRwGwNwlj
3GUBV1NsL+HVZN68GPOyHfkCAwEAAQ==
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
DEK-Info: DES-EDE3-CBC,0243F61FBCFF9FFD
i4lMwdfFZpC48ZFF3RnEOpLZzmv+vSgrHH6DGI/Gm1hB4KK+MC/a1TrrNbNzKPzY
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T4gyl7shs/J24IlgHhJbqD5g10thG9esp8KvaxgeHyuBVpPniWWrecwajKFjfVKp
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zvMgPgkDN/ATMd/RkHAWq5/EjeNmhey52XnHSqyAPmP4mX9qoaYtRYgBTGrKEFNo
05V14xLunvGz+FEsqZ/IwSZYbYkGCpfczQWlRLnLkb8X7gbL/esfKfb3tSsbOluZ
F/bAHniMg51uU2MmpspuWR+SzyWuabWiCkEq7lvXLTwdJGBYduaRH9u14bBCWUuA
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
home-1921(config)#
Login test:
demo-mac:~ demo$ ssh demo@<cleared>.205
The authenticity of host '<cleared>.205 (<cleared>.205)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is af:6e:a0:fa:c3:45:ab:2d:a9:60:84:fe:0b:96:de:cc.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '<cleared>.205' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
Password:
home-1921#
Ok so we know it works... time to erase the NVRAM and restart.
home-1921#erase nvram:
Erasing the nvram filesystem will remove all configuration files! Continue? [co]
[OK]
Erase of nvram: complete
home-1921#
Jun 15 11:16:19.268: %SYS-7-NV_BLOCK_INIT: Initialized the geometry of nvram
home-1921#reload
System configuration has been modified. Save? [yes/no]: no
Proceed with reload? [confirm]
Now we reconfigure the test router to allow SSH again:
Note: I am only generating a brand new key to demo that my terminal rejects the new key but then accepts the restored key. This step is unnecessary unless you're verifying that it works.
router>en
router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
router(config)#int G0/0
router(config-if)#ip add <cleared>.205 255.255.255.0
router(config-if)#no shutdown
router(config-if)#exit
router(config)#ip domain-name example.com
router(config)#aaa new-model
router(config)#aaa authen log def loc
router(config)#aaa author exe def loc
router(config)#username demo priv 15 sec demo
router(config)#cry key gen rsa mod 4096
The name for the keys will be: router.example.com
% The key modulus size is 4096 bits
% Generating 4096 bit RSA keys, keys will be non-exportable...
[OK] (elapsed time was 117 seconds)
Jun 15 11:17:55.247: %SSH-5-ENABLED: SSH 1.99 has been enabled
router(config)#
Now the rejection of the key:
demo-mac:~ demo$ ssh demo@<cleared>.205
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@ WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED! @
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!
Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!
It is also possible that a host key has just been changed.
The fingerprint for the RSA key sent by the remote host is
8c:62:d4:75:0f:4c:59:a8:81:d2:01:1b:68:9d:08:cb.
Please contact your system administrator.
Add correct host key in /Users/demo/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message.
Offending RSA key in /Users/demo/.ssh/known_hosts:90
RSA host key for <cleared>.205 has changed and you have requested strict checking.
Host key verification failed.
demo-mac:~ demo$
Ok so lets restore the key and see what happens:
router(config)#$crypto key import rsa example-restored pem terminal somepassword
% Enter PEM-formatted public General Purpose key or certificate.
% End with a blank line or "quit" on a line by itself.
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIICIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAg8AMIICCgKCAgEAsWwtMdoyj/LKPzXRf53z
8yhIkRAbODN6DXne8JH53PAwtgQ2FrPARvnjWsqWn2EgkHEMkZl5y5tZ0iLITCPf
bK8pXC/9kiLC2VDGQLbHD57AN/+6+0CoXxGW4FtV1dW4tVzo0YafL3L0rrNY8Snk
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3GUBV1NsL+HVZN68GPOyHfkCAwEAAQ==
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
% Enter PEM-formatted encrypted private General Purpose key.
% End with "quit" on a line by itself.
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
DEK-Info: DES-EDE3-CBC,0243F61FBCFF9FFD
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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
quit
% Key pair import succeeded.
router(config)#
Now assign it to SSH again:
router(config)#ip ssh rsa keypair-name example-restored
router(config)#
Jun 15 11:25:36.619: %SSH-5-DISABLED: SSH 1.99 has been disabled
Jun 15 11:25:36.623: %SSH-5-ENABLED: SSH 1.99 has been enabled
router(config)#
And try logging in again:
demo-mac:~ demo$ ssh demo@<cleared>.205
Password:
router#
All set!
EDIT: Note: When importing the key, make sure there are no extra spaces around the key info. If you copy and paste from a console, this may put trailing spaces on every line and you need to remove those before importing.
I use an SG300 at home as my core switch. Getting SSH set up is not too bad:
conf t
crypto key generate rsa
ip ssh server
end
That will generate the SSH key and enable the SSH server. If you question-mark your way along those command structures you will find some options.
You can view the public and private RSA SSH keys with:
show crypto key rsa
I've not done an SSL cert import myself, but looking through the CLI I'd take a stab at the following:
conf t
crypto certificate 1 import
ip https certificate 1
There are two "slots" for certificates, so you can specify slot 1 or 2 for the import or a self-signed certificate generation.
The import function does not seem to have an option to install a PKCS12 certificate, so you may need to import the private key separately with:
conf t
crypto key import rsa
I'm not 100% sure on the SSL setup, but the SSH key setup above works.
Best Answer
It isn't necessary to create a domain name to create SSH keys. The below syntax will allow you to generate RSA keys for SSH use without one.