Azure – Can’t connect to Azure File Storage using “net use” command – System error 2148073478

After the update of Azure File storage sept. 28/29 2015 I am no longer able to connect to my Azure File Storage, from my Azure Windows Server 2012R2 virtual machine.

I try to connect and map the File storage as network drives using the "net use" command.

cmdkey /add:<storage-account-name>.file.core.windows.net /user:<storage-account-name> /pass:<storage-account-key>
net use <drive-letter>: \\<storage-account-name>.file.core.windows.net\<share-name>

But i get the error message:

CMDKEY: Credential added successfully.
net : System error 2148073478 has occurred.
At C:\BackupScripts\Map networkdrives.ps1:5 char:1
+ net use Y: \\<storage-account-name>.file.core.windows.net\<share-name>
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : NotSpecified: (System error 2148073478 has occurred.:String) [], RemoteException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : NativeCommandError

However I am perfectly able to connect to the File storage using the exact same command from my on-premises Windows 10 machine.

I have already tried the 'Disable "Secure Negotiate" on the client' workaround described in https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2686098 But that didn't solve the problem.