Cat5e cable: what are each color used for

Quoting from Wikipedia:

1000BASE-T (also known as IEEE 802.3ab) is a standard for gigabit Ethernet over copper wiring.

Each 1000BASE-T network segment can be a maximum length of 100 meters (328 feet), and must use Category 5 cable or better (including Cat 5e and Cat 6).

So it's 100 meters (328 feet).

If you just cut one end off a manufacture cable and then aligned the wires as you noted (brown, brown/white, green, green/white, blue, blue/white, orange, orange/white) you likely have a problem with the wire order.

There are two standards for cabling:

• T568A: green/white, green, orange/white, blue, blue/white, orange, brown/white, brown
• T568B: orange/white, orange, green/white, blue, blue/white, green, brown/white, brown

I would double check your manufactured end to ensure what the order is, and match that pattern on your re-terminated end.

As others mentioned, you can check your termination and cable with a cable tester. This should tell you if you have miss-wired or have a fault.

Also, if the cable you bought isn't using one of those standards... I wouldn't buy from them again.

Quick Edit

After seeing your comment, I realized that you transcribed the order you put them in, in reverse. Generally, you should read from the side without the clip from left to right.
Doing this would have read (orange/white orange, blue/white, blue, green/white, green, brown/white, brown). Compare to the T568B, and yes it's clear that your problem was with the wiring order.