There is no equivalent.
Debian/Ubuntu butcher the apache configuration into a large number of files, where directories of mods and sites enabled are symlinked to other snippets of configuration files. The a2enmod/a2ensite scripts just manipulate these symlinks.
debian$ ls /etc/apache2/mods-enabled
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 2009-03-12 18:02 alias.conf -> ../mods-available/alias.conf
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 2009-03-12 18:02 alias.load -> ../mods-available/alias.load
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 33 2009-03-12 18:02 auth_basic.load -> ../mods-available/auth_basic.load
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 33 2009-03-12 18:02 authn_file.load -> ../mods-available/authn_file.load
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 36 2009-03-12 18:02 authz_default.load -> ../mods-available/autoindex.load
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 2009-03-12 18:02 env.load -> ../mods-available/env.load
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 2009-03-12 18:02 mime.conf -> ../mods-available/mime.conf
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 2009-03-12 18:02 mime.load -> ../mods-available/mime.load
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 34 2009-03-12 18:02 negotiation.conf -> ../mods-available/negotiation.conf
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 34 2009-03-12 18:02 negotiation.load -> ../mods-available/negotiation.load
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 2009-06-16 21:47 php5.conf -> ../mods-available/php5.conf
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 2009-06-16 21:47 php5.load -> ../mods-available/php5.load
On redhat systems the apache configuration is by default held in one file /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf. All modules are loaded from this file, and can be disabled by commenting out the appropiate LoadModule statement.
...
LoadModule authz_default_module modules/mod_authz_default.so
LoadModule ldap_module modules/mod_ldap.so
LoadModule authnz_ldap_module modules/mod_authnz_ldap.so
LoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.so
LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so
LoadModule logio_module modules/mod_logio.so
LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so
LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so
LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so
...
What RedHat/CentOS are doing is giving you a pretty stock apache setup, while debian are adding their own "improvements". You could of course use the debian split config system as a template to make your own, and copy the scripts. However, the main argument for the debian setup is so that apache module packages can install their own config files, so without that it's significantly less useful
Edit: If you're looking for an equivalent way of scripting this then i suggest you use /etc/httpd/conf.d directory, any config files in here will be included. Depending on how complicated the script is it might make sense to directly write one line files into conf.d, or use symlinks for more complicated bits.
Best Answer
On recent versions (CentOS 7, Fedora 23), add a .conf file to "/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d", the name is irrelevant, name it boot.conf for example, but it has to be a different file than tmp.conf, there cannot be two entries for the same directory in a single file. Add the the following line: