Cisco – “show cdp neighbors” type command for Cisco ASA devices

Here's an answer from the non-sophisticated front: I upload configs to a TFTP server (running on my laptop, if the Customer doesn't have a dedicated TFTP server) every time I make a persistent change (I've trained myself to do so right after doing a "copy run start") and then check it in to a Subversion repository (either the Customer's, if they have one, or mine, if they don't). It's a winning strategy for me because I have a fairly small amount of gear to deal with (probably under 100 switches in all my Customers combined, well under 50 routers / firewalls).

With a larger amount of gear, I'd probably look at something like RANCID.

(No doubt there are a variety of proprietary and open source offerings out there to do Cisco device config management... since I don't do a lot of it myself I'll be interested to see what other people have to say about this.)

The Cisco CDP mib OIDs here includes cdpInterfaceIfIndex which should map to the local physical interface. (ifmib)

Establishing "Uplink" can be tricky, but you can sometimes infer from relative traffic ratios and sometimes from spanning tree what devices are 'upstream' of others.

Also consider this an opportunity to standardize the naming convention to make it more obvious where in your hierarchy a device sits. ("Access", "Distribution", "Core" to use cisco speak -- your hierarchy may slightly differ)