Regarding Backplanes
It varies from vendor to vendor, but in general backplanes are not compatible with of the shelf hard-drives. Many need some kind of drive carrier that has the built in interface between the SAS connector and the backplane connector. This is because these kinds of systems are hot-plug, and that requires special bits.
Regarding RAID controllers
Hardware RAID provides a level of parallel processing that can come very much in handy, as well as handling certain tasks better than software RAID can. One area is the on-adapter cache, which allows the RAID card to better virtualize the underlaying storage so it performs better. Software RAID can do some of that, but hardware RAID still performs better these days. Also, in my experience HW RAID handles failures more gracefully than SW RAID. Yours may vary.
Regarding RAID and ZFS
This is going to sound a bit odd, but I run into the same issues with NetWare's NSS file-system (which looks a lot like ZFS as it happens). In my case I trust the hardware vendors more to handle complex storage configs than I trust the software vendors to provide solid solutions. This may be misplaced trust, but I'd rather have a storage management system with several largish RAID arrays, than one with 48 individual disk drives. This allows me to leverage the best of both environments.
I can go into some detail about load leveling on hardware and software, but that's a bit beyond the scope of this article ;)
Regarding attaching external SAS arrays
If I'm reading that SUN unit correctly, it's a JBOD unit by itself. Attach it to a SAS RAID controller with external ports and you can use hardware RAID on it. Or attach it to a stand alone SAS card and have up to 48 individual drives presented to the operating system. Either method will work. Whether or not the SAS RAID card can be configured for JBOD is up to the RAID card manufacturer, I've seen it go both ways over the years.
Regarding "4 (x4-wide) SAS host/uplink ports (48 Gb/sec bandwidth)"
This means that the unit has multiple SAS ports on it, and it can do link aggregation for increased bandwidth. To make full use of this, you'll need 4 free ports on the card you attach it to. These also can be used to attach two hosts to this unit, if you're of a mind.
The 'Expansion ports' on the spec are for attaching additional SAS shelves to the first unit. You'd attach your RAID card to the first unit, and then attach additional units to the first over those expansion ports. I think. Trough this you can get silly amounts of direct-attach-storage.
Regarding standard ports
Some of this varies from vendor to vendor, but in general 1U-2U servers these days do not ship with external storage connectors standard. The 4U servers may be different, but I don't play with those that often so I don't know first hand. To get the ability to use external storage, you'll need an adapter card of some kind. Whether that's a simple SAS adapter, or a smarter version of the built in RAID adapter is up to you.
The best option for you would be to get a SFF-8087 to 4x SFF-8482 cable (Robin links to one in his "answer") but there are plenty around. The cable you linked could not be used directly, as it has standard SATA style connections that your cards would not accept (though you could add another converter in there, it's best not to do so).
Normal SATA cables can not be plugged into SAS drives. SAS drives have a SFF-8482 connection (which is very similar, but) with a 2nd data port in between the primary data port and power ports (the primary data and power are in the same place as a SATA drive). This second port "keys" SAS drives so you can't plug them into a SATA cable.
Best Answer
Yes, it's called a SAS-based disk controller :)
There's nothing else to be done I'm afraid, SAS disks are generally SATA-capable but not the other way around sorry.