Docker – No response from web server in Docker container from host

I am running a web server (Java Spring boot application) inside a Docker container on port 8080, which is exposed to interface 127.0.0.1 also on port 8080.

docker ps shows that the port is exposed:

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                   CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                      NAMES
a055dd0dbbfe        image               "/bin/sh -c 'echo \"T…"   39 minutes ago      Up 39 minutes       127.0.0.1:8080->8080/tcp   my-app_1

netstat -an in the host shows the port is actually listening:

tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:8080          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:35900         127.0.0.1:8080          FIN_WAIT2
tcp      142      0 127.0.0.1:8080          127.0.0.1:35900         CLOSE_WAIT
tcp        0      1 172.18.0.1:36626        172.18.0.3:8080         SYN_SENT

If I try to access the server from the Docker host

wget 127.0.0.1:8080

I can see that the connection is established, the HTTP request is sent, but no response is received. The connection is closed by peer after a time. This behavior is reflected in tcpdump as well:

21:01:14.174522 IP localhost.35872 > localhost.http-alt: Flags [S], seq 441189964, win 43690, options [mss 65495,sackOK,TS val 342973 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
21:01:14.174546 IP localhost.http-alt > localhost.35872: Flags [S.], seq 3411015394, ack 441189965, win 43690, options [mss 65495,sackOK,TS val 342973 ecr 342973,nop,wscale 7], length 0
21:01:14.174570 IP localhost.35872 > localhost.http-alt: Flags [.], ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 342973 ecr 342973], length 0
21:01:14.176050 IP localhost.35872 > localhost.http-alt: Flags [P.], seq 1:142, ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 342973 ecr 342973], length 141: HTTP: GET / HTTP/1.1
21:01:14.176068 IP localhost.http-alt > localhost.35872: Flags [.], ack 142, win 350, options [nop,nop,TS val 342973 ecr 342973], length 0
21:03:21.418268 IP localhost.http-alt > localhost.35872: Flags [R.], seq 1, ack 142, win 350, options [nop,nop,TS val 374784 ecr 342973], length 0

The webserver in the container works. Spring Boot server listens to all interfaces (lo and eth0):

Application 'app' is running! Access URLs:
Local:          http://127.0.0.1:8080
External:       http://172.18.0.3:8080

and I can successfully wget from inside the container:

docker exec <container> wget localhost:8080:

Connecting to localhost:8080 (127.0.0.1:8080)
index.html           100% |*******************************| 12560   0:00:00 ETA

Docker version is 18.09.2 for client and engine.

OS is Ubuntu, uname -a:

Linux srv02 4.4.0-142-generic #168-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jan 16 21:00:45 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

I have no idea what could be wrong?