Exchange Server 2010 with Dynamic IP setup – dyndns service

It all depends on whether or not the SMTP server you're sending your emails through has an up-to-date MX record. A lot of ISPs do not obey the TTL and make their own up, and I'm guessing this could particularly be the case for MX.

I've seen cases of up to 72 hours before MX's are updated, particularly with South African ISPs.

If it's still bouncing for everyone after 24 hours, that's when I'd be more concerned.

-- Update --

I did an nslookup on your domain and got the following:

C:\Users\Mark>nslookup
Default Server:  bladedc1.live.local
Address:  192.168.163.50

> set q=mx
> ttanet.com
Server:  bladedc1.live.local
Address:  192.168.163.50

ttanet.com
        primary name server = NS87.WORLDNIC.COM
        responsible mail addr = namehost.WORLDNIC.COM
        serial  = 110011012
        refresh = 10800 (3 hours)
        retry   = 3600 (1 hour)
        expire  = 604800 (7 days)
        default TTL = 3600 (1 hour)
>

It looks like your DNS is not serving any MX records at all, however your aforementioned A record for mail.example.com DOES exist:

> set q=a
> mail.ttanet.com
Server:  bladedc1.live.local
Address:  192.168.163.50

Name:    mail.ttanet.com
Address:  206.188.207.108

And the authoriative nameserver is set to:

> set q=ns
> ttanet.com
Server:  bladedc1.live.local
Address:  192.168.163.50

Non-authoritative answer:
ttanet.com      nameserver = ns87.worldnic.com
ttanet.com      nameserver = ns88.worldnic.com

ns87.worldnic.com       internet address = 205.178.190.44
ns88.worldnic.com       internet address = 205.178.144.44

Are we seeing records from the correct DNS server?

-- Update #2 --

I believe I'm seeing the correct details now:

> ttanet.com
Server:  bladedc1.live.local
Address:  192.168.163.50

ttanet.com      MX preference = 10, mail exchanger = ttamail.ttanet.com
ttamail.ttanet.com      internet address = 67.78.188.51

So it's just a propgation/caching issue for your end users. It's definately set up correctly.

There are several things wrong I can see here:

1. Just so you're clear, a DNS domain on the Internet is not necessarily the same domain you're using in Active Directory. It can be the same, but more often than not (in smaller organizations), you'll choose to use a domain such as centors.local* that's only applicable/resolvable internally by your Active Directory DNS servers.

   Your Internet domain is usually (and really should) be handled by an external DNS server (and typically your domain registrar or a 3rd party company that specializes in DNS like no-ip.com or dnsmadeeasy.com). This is because:

   a) there's usually no beneficial reason for handling your own public authoritative DNS server unless you're a large enterprise or have atypical/legacy reasons to do so; I'm confidently going to say that you don't have any of these requirements.

   b) managing your own Internet facing DNS server is not easy: you need to make sure it's always up, has geographical redundancy (multiple servers, in different physical locations) and is secure (DNS poisoning and amplification attacks ad naseum).

2. You likely don't need to change your Nameserver (NS) records. These are used to tell the world what DNS servers are authoritative for your Internet domain (centors.com). When you register a domain at networksolutions.com, godaddy.com, etc. they typically offer authoritative nameservers for you (and thus have already assigned their NS records to your domain), so all you need to do is log in to your DNS control panel and modify the records (the zone). Typically a small business will only ever need to create/modify A, CNAME, MX, and possibly TXT (for SPF) records.

3. To get your mail flowing properly, you need to create an A record and an MX record: typically the A record would be mail.centors.com, and this A record would resolve to the publicly-accessible IP address (assuming 41.233.26.131) that your Exchange Server is either NAT'ed behind or assigned itself (usually the former as the Exchange Server will be on the LAN behind the router/firewall). For the MX record, you would create an entry with a number to denote order of priority. Since you only have (I'm assuming) one mail server, you would just add mail.centors.com with a priority of 5 to your MX records.

4. As for Active Directory authentication issue, I'm assuming that you haven't configured POP3 yet on your Mail Server. I would strongly recommend you don't add POP3 support unless you have some legacy reasons why. It's a terribly inefficient way of handling mail, especially if you have an Exchange Server. If your Outlook 2010 client is on the LAN (and is on a workstation that's joined to your Active Directory domain), you want to add an Exchange account as the mail type, not POP3.

*As for your DNS in Active Directory, I'm not sure how far you've gotten with it, but I would recommend you change your Active Directory domain to something that you won't use publicly like corp.centors.com or centors.local (the latter is not recommended by Microsoft because it does not guarantee that the domain is unique and if you ever merged with another "centors" you would need to change your domain; it's up to you whether that's a risk or not).