Force Apache to return 404 on each request

It smells like maybe it's running into a mod_rewrite or alias before it's getting to your virtual host definition. Everything you've posted looks correct, but you can try adding a few extra options:

JkWorkersFile  /explicit/path/to/workers.properties
JkLogFile      /var/log/mod_jk.log
JkLogLevel     debug

That first setting will make sure you're using the actual properties file you think you are, maybe something in your multi-tomcat environment is loading the wrong one. You might also check this specific instance's TOMCAT_HOME to ensure it's loading the right server.xml; you can actually pass that as well as a parameter to $TOMCAT_HOME with -config:

cd $TOMCAT_HOME
./bin/startup.sh -config /direct/path/to/server.xml

See where that takes you...

Let's start with your apache configuration. If you are getting segfaults when mod_rewrite rules begin, something is not meshing right. Are you running an RPM/DEB version of Apache? Or is this something you've compiled yourself?

I would troubleshoot this error first before looking into any issues with your syntax, especially since it worked on your localhost.