Ftp – EC2 FileZilla login OK but no write or delete access

amazon ec2apache-2.2ftpsftp

I am a total Apache noob, and after much hair-pulling and gnashing of teeth finally got SFTP access to new EC2 instance in passive mode. Can login only as "ec2-user", or "root" with no password, but not with myusername and/or password… I've created an .htaccess file in /home/admin, /home/ec2-user, and /home/myusername directories… I've tweaked /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf, /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf as well as changed AWS security group settings and ports/protocols in accord with those tweaks, and created .ssh/authorized_keys file for each of the above user directories. I cannot drag/drop from local machine to EC2 instance via FTP client (Filezilla), so apparently, while I can login as ec2-user, I do not have write permissions. Suspect I need to chown…something?

I'm using the vsftpd set-up recommended here

Any ideas on what I need to change in order to 1) login via Filezilla as "myusername" rather than "ec2-user" or "root"?

PS: I've got most of the pertinent AWS command line tools installed and functional…

Best Answer

You have mentioned (and possibly confused) a few different things - so your objective isn't quite clear, unfortunately.

  1. SFTP - there is no such thing as 'passive SFTP' - the SFTP protocol is completely different from FTP and is handled by /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server (set in /etc/ssh/sshd_config) not vsFTPd
  2. Apache .htaccess files have nothing to do with FTP - they define rules for how your web server will deliver content (i.e. to a visitor of your website).
  3. Are you trying to use FTP to SFTP?
  4. Are you trying to serve websites from /home/admin, /home/ec2-user, etc? On Amazon's Linux the default web root for Apache is /var/www/html. Typically, you will add your content there, or you have to change the DocumentRoot in httpd.conf.

vsFTPd can be setup to use local users. To do so:

  • set local_enable=YES and chroot_local_user=YES (vsftpd.conf)
  • create your system user (useradd) (with /sbin/nologin as the shell) - the user will be restricted to their home directory (the chroot directive above)
  • set the password (passwd)
  • Restart vsftpd for the config changes to take effect
  • Login via FTP (not SFTP)

For SFTP (not using vsftpd!):

  • Append /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server to /etc/shells
  • Create a new user with the shell /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server
  • Set the password for your new user
  • Login via SFTP. You won't be restricted to your home directory here, but will not be able to write to locations where your user doesn't have permissions

Now for the permissions issue you are facing:

  • Firstly, do NOT go and change the permissions or ownership on files just because you can't write to a directory. Most directories are owned by root, and only writeable by the owner.
  • For a web server, keep your permissions restrictive - 644 (rw-r--r--) or less - (group and other should not need write permissions; and no one should need execute permissions in most cases)
  • Set your file ownership to the same as the user your web server is running as if you use dynamic files (e.g. PHP).

Your options therefore are:

  • Serve files from your user's home directory (instead of /var/www/html) - keep your user chrooted, and set the DocumentRoot in httpd.conf to point to the correct path. This is a good (secure) approach, but the typical change that is made is to set the user's home directory to a path under /var/www/html (e.g. for multiple people with their own sites, /var/www/html/USERNAME - with the DocumentRoot set accordingly)
  • Give your Apache user FTP/SFTP access - it sounds reasonable, but especially using FTP is insecure.
  • Use SCP and switch your user to root (sudo) - it has its uses, but not for saving files to a web server directory - all files created are owned by root

My recommendation would be SFTP with a certificate, and your home directories under /var/www/html

The specific commands for adding an SFTP user on Amazon's Linux:

Disclaimer: it is much more secure to use certificates than passwords - and you should keep PasswordAuthentication disabled.

#Add the shell
echo /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server >> /etc/shells

#Create a user with the shell, I have not setup a home folder
useradd -M -s /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server USERNAME

#Set the password
passwd USERNAME

Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config:
Change: PasswordAuthentication no to PasswordAuthentication yes (line 69), save and quit

#Restart SSH
service sshd restart

To restrict your user to one directory (i.e. chroot):

Since the sftp-server will not be in your chroot path, we need to change it: Change (in sshd_config):

Subsystem      sftp    /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server

To:

Subsystem     sftp   internal-sftp

Add the following to the end of your sshd_config (replace the path with, for instance, /var/www):

Match User USERNAME
    ChrootDirectory /path/to/restrict/to
    AllowTCPForwarding no
    X11Forwarding no
    ForceCommand internal-sftp
Match

Restart SSH:

service sshd restart
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