How to discard a DHCP request’s old IP address (and provide a new one)

Normally, you would define your static hosts in /etc/hosts and enable hosts in your dnsmasq.conf file. dnsmasq allows you to specify an alternate name for this file.

If you want rtfm.lan to be addressed as 192.168.1.2 then add a line reading 192.168.1.2 rtfm.lan to /etc/hosts. Normally, your hosts file for dnsmasq should be portable to all your servers.

On rtfm.lan the IP stack will short-circuit the routing and not send traffic onto the network.

If you update your /etc/hosts file and signal dnsmasq with a HUP signal, the hosts file will be reread and changes applied.

EDIT: dnsmasq is not designed to serve up a dynamic host address for its own host. As noted it does serve up names from its lease file for DHCP clients.

If your host is an Internet gateway, it would normally serve a local static address. Serving up the Internet gateway address may cause routing and firewall issues.

You could configure your DHCP client to write a one line hosts file. The dnsmasq option addn-host can be used to get dnsmasq to read this file in addition to /etc/hosts. If the address is likely to change, then the DHCP client could rewrite the file and send dnsmasq a HUP signal on IP address change.

With much thanks to ErikE and the others here, I've gone down a path...I won't say it's the right path, but the Powershell script I've come up with does the trick.

The code is below if anyone wants it. Just run it manually pointing at each DHCP server or schedule it (again pointing to each DHCP server in the script).

What the script does:

1. Gets lease information from the DHCP server (ipv4 leases)
2. Outputs the leases to a csv file
3. Reads back in that CSV file for querying AD
4. Queries AD for the computer
5. If not found outputs to a new txt file
6. Creates a unique list final txt file from the one created in #5 above (since there can be dupes if the client registers more than once or with more than one adapter)
7. emails the contents of the final output file to an admin

What you'll need:

The script uses the AD module (import-module activedirectory) so it is best run on an AD DC running DHCP. If this isn't the case for you, you can install the AD powershell module: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/rkramesh/archive/2012/01/17/how-to-add-active-directory-module-in-powershell-in-windows-7.aspx

You'll also need Quest's AD Powershell cmdlets found here: http://www.quest.com/powershell/activeroles-server.aspx . Install THESE BEFORE running the script or it will fail.

The script itself (sanitized, you'll need to setup some of the variables to suit your needs like the input file names, domain to connect to, dhcp server to connect to, email settings near the end, etc.):

# Get-nonADclientsOnDHCP.ps1

# Author : TheCleaner http://serverfault.com/users/7861/thecleaner with a big thanks for a lot of the lease grab code to Assaf Miron on code.google.com

# Description : This Script grabs the current leases on a Windows DHCP server, outputs it to a csv
# then takes that csv file as input and determines if the lease is from a non-AD joined computer.  It then emails
# an administrator notification.  Set it up on a schedule of your choosing in Task Scheduler.
# This helps non-802.1X shops keep track of rogue DHCP clients that aren't part of the domain.

#

# Input : leaselog.csv

# Output: Lease log = leaselog.csv
# Output: Rogue Clients with dupes = RogueClients.txt
# Output: Rogue Clients - unique = RogueClientsFinal.txt

$DHCP_SERVER = "PUT YOUR SERVER NAME OR IP HERE" # The DHCP Server Name

$LOG_FOLDER = "C:\DHCP" # A Folder to save all the Logs

# Create Log File Paths

$LeaseLog = $LOG_FOLDER+"\LeaseLog.csv"

#region Create Scope Object

# Create a New Object

$Scope = New-Object psobject

# Add new members to the Object

$Scope | Add-Member noteproperty "Address" ""

$Scope | Add-Member noteproperty "Mask" ""

$Scope | Add-Member noteproperty "State" ""

$Scope | Add-Member noteproperty "Name" ""

$Scope | Add-Member noteproperty "LeaseDuration" ""

# Create Each Member in the Object as an Array

$Scope.Address = @()

$Scope.Mask = @()

$Scope.State = @()

$Scope.Name = @()

$Scope.LeaseDuration = @()

#endregion


#region Create Lease Object

# Create a New Object

$LeaseClients = New-Object psObject

# Add new members to the Object

$LeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "IP" ""

$LeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "Name" ""

$LeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "Mask" ""

$LeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "MAC" ""

$LeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "Expires" ""

$LeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "Type" ""

# Create Each Member in the Object as an Array

$LeaseClients.IP = @()

$LeaseClients.Name = @()

$LeaseClients.MAC = @()

$LeaseClients.Mask = @()

$LeaseClients.Expires = @()

$LeaseClients.Type = @()

#endregion


#region Create Reserved Object

# Create a New Object

$LeaseReserved = New-Object psObject

# Add new members to the Object

$LeaseReserved | Add-Member noteproperty "IP" ""

$LeaseReserved | Add-Member noteproperty "MAC" ""

# Create Each Member in the Object as an Array

$LeaseReserved.IP = @()

$LeaseReserved.MAC = @()

#endregion


#region Define Commands

#Commad to Connect to DHCP Server

$NetCommand = "netsh dhcp server \\$DHCP_SERVER"

#Command to get all Scope details on the Server

$ShowScopes = "$NetCommand show scope"

#endregion


function Get-LeaseType( $LeaseType )

{

# Input : The Lease type in one Char

# Output : The Lease type description

# Description : This function translates a Lease type Char to it's relevant Description


Switch($LeaseType){

"N" { return "None" }

"D" { return "DHCP" }

"B" { return "BOOTP" }

"U" { return "UNSPECIFIED" }

"R" { return "RESERVATION IP" }

}

}


function Check-Empty( $Object ){

# Input : An Object with values.

# Output : A Trimmed String of the Object or '-' if it's Null.

# Description : Check the object if its null or not and return it's value.

If($Object -eq $null)

{

return "-"

}

else

{

return $Object.ToString().Trim()

}

}


function out-CSV ( $LogFile, $Append = $false) {

# Input : An Object with values, Boolean value if to append the file or not, a File path to a Log File

# Output : Export of the object values to a CSV File

# Description : This Function Exports all the Values and Headers of an object to a CSV File.

#  The Object is recieved with the Input Const (Used with Pipelineing) or the $inputObject

Foreach ($item in $input){

# Get all the Object Properties

$Properties = $item.PsObject.get_properties()

# Create Empty Strings - Start Fresh

$Headers = ""

$Values = ""

# Go over each Property and get it's Name and value

$Properties | %{ 

$Headers += $_.Name + ","

$Values += $_.Value

}

# Output the Object Values and Headers to the Log file

If($Append -and (Test-Path $LogFile)) {

$Values | Out-File -Append -FilePath $LogFile -Encoding Unicode

}

else {

# Used to mark it as an Powershell Custum object - you can Import it later and use it

# "#TYPE System.Management.Automation.PSCustomObject" | Out-File -FilePath $LogFile

$Headers | Out-File -FilePath $LogFile -Encoding Unicode

$Values | Out-File -Append -FilePath $LogFile -Encoding Unicode

}

}

}


#region Get all Scopes in the Server 

# Run the Command in the Show Scopes var

$AllScopes = Invoke-Expression $ShowScopes

# Go over all the Results, start from index 5 and finish in last index -3

for($i=5;$i -lt $AllScopes.Length-3;$i++)

{

# Split the line and get the strings

$line = $AllScopes[$i].Split("-")

$Scope.Address += Check-Empty $line[0]

$Scope.Mask += Check-Empty $line[1]

$Scope.State += Check-Empty $line[2]

# Line 3 and 4 represent the Name and Comment of the Scope

# If the name is empty, try taking the comment

If (Check-Empty $line[3] -eq "-") {

$Scope.Name += Check-Empty $line[4]

}

else { $Scope.Name += Check-Empty $line[3] }

}

# Get all the Active Scopes IP Address

$ScopesIP = $Scope | Where { $_.State -eq "Active" } | Select Address

# Go over all the Adresses to collect Scope Client Lease Details

Foreach($ScopeAddress in $ScopesIP.Address){

# Define some Commands to run later - these commands need to be here because we use the ScopeAddress var that changes every loop

#Command to get all Lease Details from a specific Scope - when 1 is amitted the output includes the computer name

$ShowLeases = "$NetCommand scope "+$ScopeAddress+" show clients 1"

#Command to get all Reserved IP Details from a specific Scope

$ShowReserved = "$NetCommand scope "+$ScopeAddress+" show reservedip"

#Command to get all the Scopes Options (Including the Scope Lease Duration)

$ShowScopeDuration = "$NetCommand scope "+$ScopeAddress+" show option"

# Run the Commands and save the output in the accourding var

$AllLeases = Invoke-Expression $ShowLeases 

$AllReserved = Invoke-Expression $ShowReserved 

$AllOptions = Invoke-Expression $ShowScopeDuration

# Get the Lease Duration from Each Scope

for($i=0; $i -lt $AllOptions.count;$i++) 

{ 

# Find a Scope Option ID number 51 - this Option ID Represents  the Scope Lease Duration

if($AllOptions[$i] -match "OptionId : 51")

{ 

# Get the Lease Duration from the Specified line

$tmpLease = $AllOptions[$i+4].Split("=")[1].Trim()

# The Lease Duration is recieved in Ticks / 10000000

$tmpLease = [int]$tmpLease * 10000000; # Need to Convert to Int and Multiply by 10000000 to get Ticks

# Create a TimeSpan Object

$TimeSpan = New-Object -TypeName TimeSpan -ArgumentList $tmpLease

# Calculate the $tmpLease Ticks to Days and put it in the Scope Lease Duration

$Scope.LeaseDuration += $TimeSpan.TotalDays

# After you found one Exit the For

break;

} 

}

# Get all Client Leases from Each Scope

for($i=8;$i -lt $AllLeases.Length-4;$i++)

{

# Split the line and get the strings

$line = [regex]::split($AllLeases[$i],"\s{2,}")

# Check if you recieve all the lines that you need

$LeaseClients.IP += Check-Empty $line[0]

$LeaseClients.Mask += Check-Empty $line[1].ToString().replace("-","").Trim()

$LeaseClients.MAC += $line[2].ToString().substring($line[2].ToString().indexOf("-")+1,$line[2].toString().Length-1).Trim()

$LeaseClients.Expires += $(Check-Empty $line[3]).replace("-","").Trim()

$LeaseClients.Type += Get-LeaseType $(Check-Empty $line[4]).replace("-","").Trim()

$LeaseClients.Name += Check-Empty $line[5]

}

# Get all Client Lease Reservations from Each Scope

for($i=7;$i -lt $AllReserved.Length-5;$i++)

{

# Split the line and get the strings

$line = [regex]::split($AllReserved[$i],"\s{2,}")

$LeaseReserved.IP += Check-Empty $line[0]

$LeaseReserved.MAC += Check-Empty $line[2]

}

}

#endregion 


#region Create a Temp Scope Object

# Create a New Object

$tmpScope = New-Object psobject

# Add new members to the Object

$tmpScope | Add-Member noteproperty "Address" ""

$tmpScope | Add-Member noteproperty "Mask" ""

$tmpScope | Add-Member noteproperty "State" ""

$tmpScope | Add-Member noteproperty "Name" ""

$tmpScope | Add-Member noteproperty "LeaseDuration" ""

#endregion

#region Create a Temp Lease Object

# Create a New Object

$tmpLeaseClients = New-Object psObject

# Add new members to the Object

$tmpLeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "IP" ""

$tmpLeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "Name" ""

$tmpLeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "Mask" ""

$tmpLeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "MAC" ""

$tmpLeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "Expires" ""

$tmpLeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "Type" ""

#endregion

#region Create a Temp Reserved Object

# Create a New Object

$tmpLeaseReserved = New-Object psObject

# Add new members to the Object

$tmpLeaseReserved | Add-Member noteproperty "IP" ""

$tmpLeaseReserved | Add-Member noteproperty "MAC" ""

#endregion

# Go over all the Client Lease addresses and export each detail to a temporary var and out to the log file

For($l=0; $l -lt $LeaseClients.IP.Length;$l++)

{

# Get all Scope details to a temp var

$tmpLeaseClients.IP = $LeaseClients.IP[$l] + ","

$tmpLeaseClients.Name = $LeaseClients.Name[$l] + ","

$tmpLeaseClients.Mask =  $LeaseClients.Mask[$l] + ","

$tmpLeaseClients.MAC = $LeaseClients.MAC[$l] + ","

$tmpLeaseClients.Expires = $LeaseClients.Expires[$l] + ","

$tmpLeaseClients.Type = $LeaseClients.Type[$l]

# Export with the Out-CSV Function to the Log File

$tmpLeaseClients | out-csv $LeaseLog -append $true

}



#Continue on figuring out if the DHCP lease clients are in AD or not

#Import the Active Directory module
import-module activedirectory

#import Quest AD module
Add-PSSnapin Quest.ActiveRoles.ADManagement

#connect to AD
Connect-QADService PUTTHEFQDNOFYOURDOMAINHERE_LIKE_DOMAIN.LOCAL | Out-Null

# get input CSV
$leaselogpath = "c:\DHCP\LeaseLog.csv"
Import-csv -path $leaselogpath | 
#query AD for computer name based on csv log
foreach-object `
{ 
   $NameResult = Get-QADComputer -DnsName $_.Name
   If ($NameResult -eq $null) {$RogueSystem = $_.Name}
   $RogueSystem | Out-File C:\DHCP\RogueClients.txt -Append
   $RogueSystem = $null

}
Get-Content C:\DHCP\RogueClients.txt | Select-Object -Unique | Out-File C:\DHCP\RogueClientsFinal.txt
Remove-Item C:\DHCP\RogueClients.txt

#send email to netadmin
$smtpserver = "SMTP SERVER IP"
$from="DHCPSERVER@domain.com"
$to="TheCleaner@domain.com"
$subject="Non-AD joined DHCP clients"
$body= (Get-Content C:\DHCP\RogueClientsFinal.txt) -join '<BR>&nbsp;<BR>'
$mailer = new-object Net.Mail.SMTPclient($smtpserver)
$msg = new-object Net.Mail.MailMessage($from,$to,$subject,$body)
$msg.IsBodyHTML = $true
$mailer.send($msg)

Hope that helps someone else!