modinfo(8)
modinfo - program to show information about a Linux Kernel module
Simply,
modinfo module-file
General tip: At the bottom of a manpage and there is a section called "See Also". For modprobe, it lists modinfo. That section can be extremely useful.
Unless your kernel was built with CONFIG_IKCONFIG_PROC, which would make the config available in /proc as sysadmin1138 mentioned above, you're pretty much out of luck. Debian and RH based kernel packages do, however, generally install a config-$version file in /boot. So unless it's a custom kernel, it should be available there.
Best Answer
For more info:
If you're interested only in version number: