Say you're running a server and you don't want to upgrade to Testing (Squeeze) from Stable (Lenny) to just install a required package or two.
What's the best way of installing only certain packages from Testing?
aptitudedebianlinuxpackage-management
Say you're running a server and you don't want to upgrade to Testing (Squeeze) from Stable (Lenny) to just install a required package or two.
What's the best way of installing only certain packages from Testing?
Best Answer
Many people seem to be afraid of mixing stable with testing, but frankly, testing is fairly stable in its own right, and with proper preferences and solution checking, you can avoid the "stability drift" that puts your core packages on the unstable path.
"Testing is fairly stable??", you ask. Yes. In order for a package to migrate from unstable to testing, it has to have zero open bugs for 10 consecutive days. Chances are that, especially for the more popular packages, somebody is going to submit a bug report for an unstable version if something is wrong.
Even if you don't want to mix the environments, it's still nice to have the option there in case you run into something that requires a newer version than what is in stable.
Here's what I recommend for setting this up:
First, create the following files in
/etc/apt/preferences.d
:stable.pref
:testing.pref
:unstable.pref
:experimental.pref
:(Don't be afraid of the unstable/experimental stuff here. The priorities are low enough that it's never going to automatically install any of that stuff. Even the testing branch will behave, as it's only going to install the packages you want to be in testing.)
Now, creating a matching set for
/etc/apt/sources.list.d
:stable.list
: Copy from your original/etc/apt/sources.list
. Rename the old file to something likesources.list.orig
.testing.list
: Same asstable.list
, except withtesting
.unstable.list
: Same asstable.list
, except withunstable
, and remove the security lists.experimental.list
: Same asunstable.list
, except withexperimental
.You can also add a
oldstable
insources.lists.d
andpreferences.d
(use a priority of 1), though this moniker will tend to expire and disappear before the next stable cycle. In cases like that, you can usehttp://archive.debian.org/debian/
and "hardcode" the Debian version (etch, lenny, etc.).To install the testing version of a package, simply use
aptitude install lib-foobar-package/testing
, or just jump into aptitude's GUI and select the version inside of the package details (hit enter on the package you're looking at).If you get complaints of package conflicts, look at the solutions first. In most cases, the first one is going to be "don't install this version". Learn to use the per-package accept/reject resolver choices. For example, if you're installing foobar-package/testing, and the first solution is "don't install foobar-package/testing", then mark that choice as rejected, and the other solutions will never veer to that path again. In cases like these, you'll probably have to install a few other testing packages.
If it's getting too hairy (like it's trying to upgrade libc or the kernel or some other huge core system), then you can either reject those upgrade paths or just back out of the initial upgrade altogether. Remember that it's only going to upgrade stuff to testing/unstable if you allow it to.
EDIT: Fixed some priority pins, and updated the list.