First, I prefer to mention I've found and read this.

I'm running Debian Jessie with a standard 3.16 kernel.
I've manually defined a RAID1 array. But it is not assembled automatically at boot time. And thus, systemd falls back to some degraded shell after trying to mount the FS described in /etc/fstab. If that line in fstab is commented, then the boot process goes to the end BUT the RAID array isn't available. Manually assembling it doesn't trigger any error. Then mounting the FS is straightforward.

When manually assembled, the array looks like this :

root@tinas:~# cat /proc/mdstat 
Personalities : [raid1] 
md0 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sdc1[0] sdd1[1]
      1953382464 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
      bitmap: 0/15 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk

unused devices: <none>

Here's an extract of the blkid command :

/dev/sdd1: UUID="c8c2cb23-fbd2-4aae-3e78-d9262f9e425b" UUID_SUB="8647a005-6569-c76f-93ee-6d4fedd700c3" LABEL="tinas:0" TYPE="linux_raid_member" PARTUUID="81b1bbfe-fad7-4fd2-8b73-554f13fbb26b"
/dev/sdc1: UUID="c8c2cb23-fbd2-4aae-3e78-d9262f9e425b" UUID_SUB="ee9c2905-0ce7-2910-2fed-316ba20ec3a9" LABEL="tinas:0" TYPE="linux_raid_member" PARTUUID="11d681e5-9021-42c0-a858-f645c8c52708"
/dev/md0: UUID="b8a72591-040e-4ca1-a663-731a5dcbebc2" UUID_SUB="a2d4edfb-876a-49c5-ae76-da5eac5bb1bd" TYPE="btrfs"

Info from fdisk :

root@tinas:~# fdisk -l /dev/sdc

Disque /dev/sdc : 1,8 TiB, 2000398934016 octets, 3907029168 secteurs
Unités : secteur de 1 × 512 = 512 octets
Taille de secteur (logique / physique) : 512 octets / 4096 octets
taille d'E/S (minimale / optimale) : 4096 octets / 4096 octets
Type d'étiquette de disque : gpt
Identifiant de disque : C475BEB1-5452-4E87-9638-2E5AA29A3A73

Device     Start        End    Sectors  Size Type
/dev/sdc1   2048 3907029134 3907027087  1,8T Linux RAID

Here, I'm not sure if the type value is correct 'Linux RAID' as I've read that 0xFD is expected but that value doesn't seem available through fdisk with GPT partition table.

Thanks for your help

Edit :

From journalctl -xb I can find one trace :

Apr 14 15:14:46 tinas mdadm-raid[211]: Generating udev events for MD arrays...done.
Apr 14 15:35:03 tinas kernel: [ 1242.505742] md: md0 stopped.
Apr 14 15:35:03 tinas kernel: [ 1242.513200] md: bind<sdd1>
Apr 14 15:35:03 tinas kernel: [ 1242.513545] md: bind<sdc1>
Apr 14 15:35:04 tinas kernel: [ 1242.572177] md: raid1 personality registered for level 1
Apr 14 15:35:04 tinas kernel: [ 1242.573369] md/raid1:md0: active with 2 out of 2 mirrors
Apr 14 15:35:04 tinas kernel: [ 1242.573708] created bitmap (15 pages) for device md0
Apr 14 15:35:04 tinas kernel: [ 1242.574869] md0: bitmap initialized from disk: read 1 pages, set 0 of 29807 bits
Apr 14 15:35:04 tinas kernel: [ 1242.603079] md0: detected capacity change from 0 to 2000263643136
Apr 14 15:35:04 tinas kernel: [ 1242.607065]  md0: unknown partition table
Apr 14 15:35:04 tinas kernel: [ 1242.665646] BTRFS: device fsid b8a72591-040e-4ca1-a663-731a5dcbebc2 devid 1 transid 8 /dev/md0

/proc/mdstat
I just realized that right after boot the raid1 module isn't loaded !

root@tinas:~# cat /proc/mdstat 
Personalities : 
unused devices: <none>
root@tinas:~# 

Thus, I added the raid1 module to /etc/modules, issued an update-initramfs -u.

Here's the according log :

avril 15 12:23:21 tinas mdadm-raid[204]: Generating udev events for MD arrays...done.
avril 15 12:23:22 tinas systemd-modules-load[186]: Inserted module 'raid1'
avril 15 12:23:22 tinas kernel: md: raid1 personality registered for level 1

But the array is still not assembled:

root@tinas:~# cat /proc/mdstat 
Personalities : [raid1] 
unused devices: <none>

Would that be because the raid1 module seems to be loaded after udev events are generated ?

Interesting link but too general

I tried dpkg-reconfigure mdadm : nothing new…

If anyone knows how to get some traces from udev, it would be great. I uncommented the udev_log = info line in /etc/udev/udev.conf but can't see anything new…

search fr raid loaded modules

root@tinas:~# grep -E 'md_mod|raid1' /proc/modules
raid1 34596 0 - Live 0xffffffffa01fa000
md_mod 107672 1 raid1, Live 0xffffffffa0097000

raid1 is loaded because I added it to /etc/modules, otherwise, before, it was loaded.

uname -r

root@tinas:~# uname -r 
3.16.0-4-amd64

/etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf

root@tinas:~# cat /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
# mdadm.conf
#
# Please refer to mdadm.conf(5) for information about this file.
#

# by default (built-in), scan all partitions (/proc/partitions) and all
# containers for MD superblocks. alternatively, specify devices to scan, using
# wildcards if desired.
#DEVICE partitions containers

# auto-create devices with Debian standard permissions
CREATE owner=root group=disk mode=0660 auto=yes

# automatically tag new arrays as belonging to the local system
HOMEHOST <system>

# instruct the monitoring daemon where to send mail alerts
MAILADDR root

# definitions of existing MD arrays
ARRAY /dev/md/0  metadata=1.2 UUID=a930b085:1e1a615b:93e209e6:08314607 name=tinas:0

# This configuration was auto-generated on Fri, 15 Apr 2016 11:10:41 +0200 by mkconf

I just noticed something weird : the last line of /etc/mdadm/madm.conf is autogenerated by the command mdadm -Es and shows a device called /dev/md/0 while when I manually assemble the array, I get the /dev/md0 which I used when creating the array with mdadm --create…

Also, I got those info from a verbose update-initramsfs :

Adding module /lib/modules/3.16.0-4-amd64/kernel/drivers/md/raid10.ko
I: mdadm: using configuration file: /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
I: mdadm: will start all available MD arrays from the initial ramdisk.
I: mdadm: use `dpkg-reconfigure --priority=low mdadm` to change this.

Thus I tried it but it just fails the same : no array after reboot.
In /etc/mdadm/madm.conf , I changed the ARRAY device name from /dev/md/0 to ARRAY /dev/md0
I also noticed that while in initramfs busybox, after issuing
mdadm –assemble –scan
the ARRAY is created as /dev/md0 and that it is marked as active (auto-read-only)

Sunday 17th

I just realized the initramfs stuff. I knew the kernel was using some ram-disk but didn't know much more. My understandings now is that this initramfs should contain all the data required to assemble the RAID array at boot in userland. Thus, the importance to update this static file /boot/initrd.img-version to reflect all the changes that matter.

So I suspected that my /boot/initrd.img-3.16.0-4-amd64 file was messy and tried to create a new one issuing this command :
# update-initramfs -t -c -v -k 3.16.0-4-amd64
Please note I've got only one kernel there and thus only one corresponding initramfs.

But after a reboot, I again faced the initramfs shell because the kernel failed to mount the /dev/md0 FS used in /etc/fstab.

Wednesday 20th

I had already checked the state of the server while in busybox:

• raid1 module is loaded
• Nothing interesting in dmesg
• /run/mdadm/map exists but is empty
• journalctl -xb shows that :
  • systemd reports a time-out trying to mount the FS on the array that has not been assembled
  • systemd then reports a dependency failure when it tries to fsck that FS

Here is my manual intervention then :

mdadm --assemble --scan

/proc/mdstat claims that the device /dev/md0 is active and auto-read-only. So I issue :

mdadm --readwrite /dev/md0

before exiting busybox.