I am running a LEMP server. 2Core Processor, 4GB RAM on Hetzner Cloud.
Ubuntu 18.04, PHP7.4, MySql 5.7, Nginx 1.16
But my MySql server randomly gets crashed even when traffic is negligible. It happens 2-3 times in a month.
How to prevent this issue in future?
Here is log from journalctl -xe
See the first line, it says:
Nov 23 03:48:49 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: php-fpm7.4 invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x14200ca(GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE), nodemask=(null), order=0, oom_score_adj=0
Is the problem caused by php-fpm ?
=============
Nov 23 03:48:49 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: php-fpm7.4 invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x14200ca(GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE), nodemask=(null), order=0, oom_score_adj=0
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: php-fpm7.4 cpuset=/ mems_allowed=0
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: CPU: 0 PID: 24811 Comm: php-fpm7.4 Not tainted 4.15.0-64-generic #73-Ubuntu
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: Hardware name: Hetzner vServer, BIOS 20171111 11/11/2017
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: Call Trace:
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: dump_stack+0x63/0x8b
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: dump_header+0x71/0x285
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: ? security_capable_noaudit+0x4b/0x70
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: oom_kill_process+0x21f/0x420
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: out_of_memory+0x2b6/0x4d0
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: __alloc_pages_slowpath+0xa53/0xe00
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x29a/0x2c0
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: alloc_pages_current+0x6a/0xe0
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: __page_cache_alloc+0x81/0xa0
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: filemap_fault+0x3ea/0x6f0
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: ? page_add_file_rmap+0x134/0x180
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: ? filemap_map_pages+0x22c/0x390
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: ext4_filemap_fault+0x31/0x44
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: __do_fault+0x5b/0x115
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: __handle_mm_fault+0xdef/0x1290
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: handle_mm_fault+0xb1/0x210
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: __do_page_fault+0x281/0x4b0
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: do_page_fault+0x2e/0xe0
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: ? async_page_fault+0x2f/0x50
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: do_async_page_fault+0x51/0x80
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: async_page_fault+0x45/0x50
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: RIP: 0033:0x7f3be729d140
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: RSP: 002b:00007fff1d94b888 EFLAGS: 00010206
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: RAX: 0000000000000042 RBX: 0000000000000043 RCX: 0000000000000000
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: RDX: 00007f3bcdd5c400 RSI: 0000000036393034 RDI: 0000000000000043
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: RBP: 00007f3bcdd5c400 R08: 00007fff1d94b820 R09: 0000000000000036
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 000055f7b0be96a0
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: R13: 0000000000000200 R14: 0000000000000001 R15: 00007f3bcdd5c400
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: Mem-Info:
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: active_anon:915548 inactive_anon:1944 isolated_anon:0
active_file:97 inactive_file:107 isolated_file:1
unevictable:0 dirty:5 writeback:0 unstable:0
slab_reclaimable:7073 slab_unreclaimable:18771
mapped:37449 shmem:47203 pagetables:11749 bounce:0
free:21461 free_pcp:471 free_cma:0
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: Node 0 active_anon:3662192kB inactive_anon:7776kB active_file:388kB inactive_file:428kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):4kB mapped:149796kB dirty:20kB writeback:0kB shmem:188812kB
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: Node 0 DMA free:15472kB min:272kB low:340kB high:408kB active_anon:380kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:4kB inactive_file:8kB unevictable:0kB writepending:0kB present:15992kB managed:15908kB mlocked
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: lowmem_reserve[]: 0 2968 3803 3803 3803
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: Node 0 DMA32 free:55640kB min:52528kB low:65660kB high:78792kB active_anon:2931328kB inactive_anon:448kB active_file:732kB inactive_file:696kB unevictable:0kB writepending:0kB present:3129204kB man
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 835 835 835
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: Node 0 Normal free:14732kB min:14776kB low:18468kB high:22160kB active_anon:729848kB inactive_anon:7328kB active_file:564kB inactive_file:28kB unevictable:0kB writepending:136kB present:950272kB ma
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0 0
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: Node 0 DMA: 3*4kB (UM) 1*8kB (U) 2*16kB (UM) 0*32kB 3*64kB (UM) 1*128kB (U) 1*256kB (U) 1*512kB (M) 2*1024kB (UM) 0*2048kB 3*4096kB (ME) = 15476kB
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: Node 0 DMA32: 436*4kB (UEH) 565*8kB (EH) 582*16kB (UEH) 386*32kB (EH) 191*64kB (UME) 63*128kB (UMEH) 15*256kB (ME) 1*512kB (M) 1*1024kB (U) 1*2048kB (U) 0*4096kB = 55640kB
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: Node 0 Normal: 529*4kB (UMEH) 217*8kB (UMEH) 123*16kB (UEH) 96*32kB (UMEH) 23*64kB (UEH) 6*128kB (UMH) 6*256kB (MH) 1*512kB (M) 2*1024kB (MH) 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 15228kB
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: Node 0 hugepages_total=0 hugepages_free=0 hugepages_surp=0 hugepages_size=1048576kB
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: Node 0 hugepages_total=0 hugepages_free=0 hugepages_surp=0 hugepages_size=2048kB
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: 47438 total pagecache pages
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: 0 pages in swap cache
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: Swap cache stats: add 0, delete 0, find 0/0
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: Free swap = 0kB
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: Total swap = 0kB
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: 1023867 pages RAM
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: 0 pages HighMem/MovableOnly
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: 38546 pages reserved
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: 0 pages cma reserved
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: 0 pages hwpoisoned
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [ pid ] uid tgid total_vm rss pgtables_bytes swapents oom_score_adj name
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [ 448] 0 448 26475 46 94208 0 0 lvmetad
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [ 846] 0 846 6499 317 86016 0 0 dhclient
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [ 1080] 0 1080 206132 332 163840 0 0 lxcfs
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [ 1082] 102 1082 65759 366 167936 0 0 rsyslogd
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [ 1084] 0 1084 17682 222 180224 0 0 systemd-logind
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [ 1086] 0 1086 7506 72 106496 0 0 cron
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [ 1087] 0 1087 27619 89 122880 0 0 irqbalance
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [ 1088] 0 1088 42284 1945 221184 0 0 networkd-dispat
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [ 1105] 103 1105 12574 230 139264 0 -900 dbus-daemon
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [ 1126] 0 1126 7082 53 98304 0 0 atd
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [ 1132] 0 1132 18075 187 188416 0 -1000 sshd
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [ 1142] 0 1142 72220 230 200704 0 0 polkitd
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [ 1143] 0 1143 3666 35 69632 0 0 agetty
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [ 1145] 0 1145 3722 32 73728 0 0 agetty
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [ 1158] 0 1158 46486 1977 262144 0 0 unattended-upgr
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [ 1159] 0 1159 5764 56 86016 0 0 qemu-ga
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [ 1228] 0 1228 43539 3614 237568 0 0 nginx
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [25966] 101 25966 17730 228 180224 0 0 systemd-resolve
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [25996] 62583 25996 35489 151 176128 0 0 systemd-timesyn
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [26018] 0 26018 30318 708 249856 0 0 systemd-journal
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [16675] 0 16675 10731 184 118784 0 -1000 systemd-udevd
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [19523] 0 19523 71587 280 188416 0 0 accounts-daemon
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [30852] 0 30852 235988 4258 274432 0 -900 snapd
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [14252] 0 14252 72771 2616 425984 0 0 php-fpm5.6
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [14272] 33 14272 73345 1286 405504 0 0 php-fpm5.6
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [14274] 33 14274 73345 1286 405504 0 0 php-fpm5.6
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [14319] 0 14319 112080 1758 581632 0 0 php-fpm7.2
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [14341] 33 14341 112654 1367 552960 0 0 php-fpm7.2
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [14345] 33 14345 112654 1367 552960 0 0 php-fpm7.2
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [31607] 0 31607 112112 1912 577536 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [12292] 33 12292 60815 32497 466944 0 0 nginx
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [12293] 33 12293 61214 32910 471040 0 0 nginx
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [12294] 33 12294 44113 4358 233472 0 0 nginx
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [23744] 33 23744 152297 42951 978944 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24231] 33 24231 149576 40587 954368 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24245] 33 24245 160604 50698 1024000 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24247] 33 24247 150409 34720 888832 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24251] 33 24251 149541 39766 929792 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24253] 33 24253 149987 33909 880640 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24255] 33 24255 149565 33360 872448 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24261] 33 24261 149283 34006 892928 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24270] 33 24270 151926 35619 905216 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24272] 33 24272 151055 34804 901120 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24280] 33 24280 149279 33033 872448 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24474] 33 24474 149977 41005 942080 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24480] 33 24480 160875 44150 958464 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24481] 33 24481 155125 39199 929792 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24494] 33 24494 130327 32679 851968 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24501] 33 24501 149217 32395 872448 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24711] 33 24711 167027 43212 954368 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24716] 33 24716 130119 30374 839680 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24728] 33 24728 129974 30180 839680 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24729] 33 24729 129980 30295 835584 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24730] 33 24730 130061 30360 835584 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24731] 33 24731 129492 31333 839680 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24732] 33 24732 129987 30500 839680 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24733] 33 24733 129785 31073 839680 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24735] 33 24735 114592 14326 716800 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24736] 33 24736 148728 30660 851968 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24737] 33 24737 130017 30366 839680 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24739] 33 24739 119261 19469 741376 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24740] 33 24740 140396 21720 778240 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24742] 33 24742 151672 34753 892928 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24777] 33 24777 129731 29546 811008 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24779] 33 24779 129731 29562 811008 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24780] 33 24780 129731 29537 811008 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24783] 33 24783 129731 29554 811008 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24784] 33 24784 129731 29554 811008 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24785] 33 24785 114039 14515 704512 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24786] 33 24786 115559 13569 679936 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24791] 33 24791 120167 18244 716800 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24792] 33 24792 120679 18849 720896 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24793] 33 24793 120679 18729 720896 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24794] 33 24794 120679 18793 720896 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24795] 33 24795 119143 16921 708608 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24797] 33 24797 120167 18172 716800 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24798] 33 24798 119143 16921 708608 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24807] 33 24807 116039 12175 667648 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24808] 33 24808 116039 12945 671744 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24809] 33 24809 117607 14883 696320 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24810] 33 24810 117607 15484 696320 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24811] 33 24811 117575 15597 696320 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24942] 33 24942 113151 5722 630784 0 0 php-fpm7.4
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: [24978] 111 24978 415917 97861 1253376 0 0 mysqld
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: Out of memory: Kill process 24978 (mysqld) score 99 or sacrifice child
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: Killed process 24978 (mysqld) total-vm:1663668kB, anon-rss:391444kB, file-rss:0kB, shmem-rss:0kB
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 kernel: oom_reaper: reaped process 24978 (mysqld), now anon-rss:0kB, file-rss:0kB, shmem-rss:0kB
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 systemd[1]: mysql.service: Main process exited, code=killed, status=9/KILL
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 systemd[1]: mysql.service: Failed with result 'signal'.
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 systemd[1]: mysql.service: Service hold-off time over, scheduling restart.
Nov 23 03:48:50 ubuntu-server-18 systemd[1]: mysql.service: Scheduled restart job, restart counter is at 3.
-- Subject: Automatic restarting of a unit has been scheduled
-- Defined-By: systemd
—– UPDATE (Server Configs) —–
Here is my PHP settings
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 22
pm.min_spare_servers = 15
pm.max_spare_servers = 30
pm.max_requests = 300
MySql Settings
/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
[mysqld_safe]
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
nice = 0
[mysqld]
#
# * Basic Settings
#
user = mysql
pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port = 3306
basedir = /usr
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir = /tmp
lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql
skip-external-locking
#
# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on
# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.
bind-address = 127.0.0.1
#
# * Fine Tuning
#
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 16M
thread_stack = 192K
thread_cache_size = 8
# This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed
# the first time they are touched
myisam-recover-options = BACKUP
#max_connections = 100
#table_open_cache = 64
#thread_concurrency = 10
#
# * Query Cache Configuration
#
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_size = 16M
#
# * Logging and Replication
#
# Both location gets rotated by the cronjob.
# Be aware that this log type is a performance killer.
# As of 5.1 you can enable the log at runtime!
#general_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log
#general_log = 1
#
# Error log - should be very few entries.
#
log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log
#
# Here you can see queries with especially long duration
#slow_query_log = 1
#slow_query_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log
#long_query_time = 2
#log-queries-not-using-indexes
#
# The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication.
# note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about
# other settings you may need to change.
#server-id = 1
#log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
expire_logs_days = 10
max_binlog_size = 100M
#binlog_do_db = include_database_name
#binlog_ignore_db = include_database_name
#
# * InnoDB
#
# InnoDB is enabled by default with a 10MB datafile in /var/lib/mysql/.
# Read the manual for more InnoDB related options. There are many!
#
# * Security Features
#
# Read the manual, too, if you want chroot!
# chroot = /var/lib/mysql/
#
# For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI "tinyca".
#
# ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem
# ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem
# ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem
Where should I define innodb_buffer_pool and max_connections ?
See the Hetzner Graph. I see something strange when MySql was killed.
Best Answer
4GB is a rather small machine.