Nginx cache not updating

So my coworker set us up a fancy new caching proxy system and then promptly went on vacation. Now I'm getting complaints from our developers/designers that many static resources are being cached for far longer than any of the configuration I've seen dictates.

For example a certain logo file has been changed as of the 13th, but the version from the 9th is still being returned, despite the setting: proxy_cache_valid 200 1h; which should only cache it for 1 hour.

As far as I can see the upstream server is giving Nginx the header Expires: Sat, 14 Feb 2015 19:33:58 GMT and the cache expiry is just running with that regardless of the fact that the Last-Modified: header has changed. I've had a peek at the upstream server's logs and the proxy does not make any attempt to check the status of the file.

How can I get Nginx to check for updated content?

The response headers from the cache:

# curl -v -XHEAD 'http://foo.company.com/inc/skins/pt-1r/schemes/default/img/logo.png'
* About to connect() to foo.company.com port 80 (#0)
*   Trying 1.2.3.4... connected
* Connected to foo.company.com (1.2.3.4) port 80 (#0)
> HEAD /inc/skins/pt-1r/schemes/default/img/logo.png HTTP/1.1
> User-Agent: curl/7.19.7 (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.19.7 NSS/3.16.1 Basic ECC zlib/1.2.3 libidn/1.18 libssh2/1.4.2
> Host: foo.company.com
> Accept: */*
>
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Server: nginx/1.0.15
< Date: Thu, 15 Jan 2015 19:37:19 GMT
< Content-Type: image/png
< Connection: keep-alive
< Last-Modified: Fri, 09 Jan 2015 00:04:42 GMT
< Content-Length: 19198
< Cache-Control: max-age=2592000, public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate
< Expires: Thu, 12 Feb 2015 22:54:22 GMT
< Vary: User-Agent
< Content-Language: en
< X-Cache-Status: HIT
< Accept-Ranges: bytes

As opposed to directly from the server:

# curl -v --header "Host: foo.company.com" -XHEAD http://10.1.2.3/inc/skins/pt-1r/schemes/default/img/logo.png
* About to connect() to 10.1.2.3 port 80 (#0)
*   Trying 10.1.2.3... connected
* Connected to 10.1.2.3 (10.1.2.3) port 80 (#0)
> HEAD /inc/skins/pt-1r/schemes/default/img/logo.png HTTP/1.1
> User-Agent: curl/7.19.7 (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.19.7 NSS/3.16.1 Basic ECC zlib/1.2.3 libidn/1.18 libssh2/1.4.2
> Accept: */*
> Host: foo.company.com
>
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Date: Thu, 15 Jan 2015 19:33:58 GMT
< Server: Apache
< Last-Modified: Tue, 13 Jan 2015 23:04:44 GMT
< Accept-Ranges: bytes
< Content-Length: 45255
< Cache-Control: max-age=2592000, public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate
< Expires: Sat, 14 Feb 2015 19:33:58 GMT
< Vary: User-Agent
< Content-Type: image/png
< Content-Language: en

proxy.conf

# Store cached date here
proxy_cache_path /var/lib/nginx/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache:128m inactive=1d max_size=1g;

# Use cache defined above
proxy_cache             cache;
proxy_cache_key         $scheme$host$request_uri;

# Only cache positive responses
proxy_cache_valid       200 1h;
proxy_cache_valid       301 302 5m;

# Temp path for when buffers overflow
proxy_temp_path /var/lib/nginx/temp;

# Buffer data (must be on to allow caching)
proxy_buffering    on;
proxy_buffer_size  128k;
proxy_buffers 100  128k;

# Set some headers
proxy_set_header        Host            $host;
proxy_set_header        X-Real-IP       $remote_addr;

# Die if backend takes too long to connect
proxy_connect_timeout   5;

# Allow adding abcnocache=1 to URLs to skip the cache
proxy_cache_bypass              $arg_abcnocache;

# Add a header showing the cache status
add_header X-Cache-Status $upstream_cache_status;

the site's config:

server {

    server_name foo.company.com *.foo.company.com ;
    listen 80;

    access_log    /var/log/nginx/foo.company.com-access.log;
    error_log     /var/log/nginx/foo.company.com-error.log;

    location / {
        proxy_pass  http://10.1.2.3;
        proxy_redirect default;
    }

}

nginx.conf for good measure:

user nginx;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;

events {
  worker_connections  1024;
}

http {

  include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
  default_type  application/octet-stream;

  access_log    /var/log/nginx/access.log;

  sendfile on;
  tcp_nopush on;
  tcp_nodelay on;

  keepalive_timeout  65;

  gzip  on;
  gzip_http_version 1.0;
  gzip_comp_level 2;
  gzip_proxied any;
  gzip_vary off;
  gzip_types text/plain text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/rss+xml application/atom+xml text/javascript application/javascript application/json text/mathml;
  gzip_min_length  1000;
  gzip_disable     "MSIE [1-6]\.";

  server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
  types_hash_max_size 2048;
  types_hash_bucket_size 64;

  include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
  include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}