Windows – Stopping Windows service does not kill processes (service uses ant)

I'd argue that if a process fails, you need to fix it in order to not fail anymore.

To do what you expect, something like this would suffice (untested, use at your own risk):

#!/bin/bash
for i in $(seq 1 4)
do
  (
    echo "Starting node $i..."
    while ! java -DNodeNumber=$i CalculationNode
    do
      sleep 1
      echo "Restarting node $i..."
    done
  ) &
done
wait

Each process has to finish with exit code zero in order to break the loop. Otherwise, it is restarted by the script.

"Real" service programs have code to handle performing cleanup and shutdown activities. You're running a program that wasn't intended to be run as a service, and it has no such code to handle graceful termination when the Service Control Manager (SCM) signals that the service is stopping.

Somebody could write a nice service wrapper for VirtualBox that could gracefully handle running as a service. That's the real solution. Unfortunately, you're not going to come up with a "hack" that will do what you're looking for. SRVANY (and every other program of the same type that I'm aware of) doesn't have any capability to execute user-specified code when SCM signals that the service is stopping.