C++ – Error while using Boost with Visual Studio 2008

Here's my standard .hgignore file for use with VS2008 that was originally modified from a Git ignore file:

# Ignore file for Visual Studio 2008

# use glob syntax
syntax: glob

# Ignore Visual Studio 2008 files
*.obj
*.exe
*.pdb
*.user
*.aps
*.pch
*.vspscc
*_i.c
*_p.c
*.ncb
*.suo
*.tlb
*.tlh
*.bak
*.cache
*.ilk
*.log
*.lib
*.sbr
*.scc
[Bb]in
[Dd]ebug*/
obj/
[Rr]elease*/
_ReSharper*/
[Tt]est[Rr]esult*
[Bb]uild[Ll]og.*
*.[Pp]ublish.xml

Ferruccio's answer contains most of the insight. However, Pukku made me realize my mistake. I am posting my own answer to give a full explanation. As Ferruccio explained, Filesystem relies on two libraries. For me, these are:

• libboost_system-vc90-mt-gd-1_37.lib
• libboost_filesystem-vc90-mt-gd-1_37.lib

I must not have noticed that when I supplied the directory for libboost_filesystem-vc90-mt-gd-1_37.lib, the error output changed from

fatal error LNK1104: cannot open file 'libboost_filesystem-vc90-mt-gd-1_37.lib'

to

fatal error LNK1104: cannot open file 'libboost_system-vc90-mt-gd-1_37.lib'

Causing me to think that the error was persisting. This lead me to post some rather inaccurate information. Also, after reading that Filesystem requires two libraries, I now see the significance of the keyword stage for the bjam command. Supplying

bjam --build-dir="C:\Program Files\boost\build-boost" --toolset=msvc --build-type=complete stage

Causes bjam to place an additional directory, aptly named stage, in the boost_1_37_0 directory. This folder contains a folder named /lib, which has copies of all of the lib files in one place. This is convenient for Visual C++ because you can supply it with this single directory and it will take care of all of the dependencies.