The common example for C++11 range-based for() loops is always something simple like this:
std::vector<int> numbers = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 };
for ( auto xyz : numbers )
{
std::cout << xyz << std::endl;
}
In which case xyz
is an int
. But, what happens when we have something like a map? What is the type of the variable in this example:
std::map< foo, bar > testing = { /*...blah...*/ };
for ( auto abc : testing )
{
std::cout << abc << std::endl; // ? should this give a foo? a bar?
std::cout << abc->first << std::endl; // ? or is abc an iterator?
}
When the container being traversed is something simple, it looks like range-based for() loops will give us each item, not an iterator. Which is nice…if it was iterator, first thing we'd always have to do is to dereference it anyway.
But I'm confused as to what to expect when it comes to things like maps and multimaps.
(I'm still on g++ 4.4, while range-based loops are in g++ 4.6+, so I haven't had the chance to try it yet.)
Best Answer
Each element of the container is a
map<K, V>::value_type
, which is atypedef
forstd::pair<const K, V>
. Consequently, in C++17 or higher, you can writeor as
if you don't plan on modifying the values.
In C++11 and C++14, you can use enhanced
for
loops to extract out each pair on its own, then manually extract the keys and values:You could also consider marking the
kv
variableconst
if you want a read-only view of the values.