Content Security Policy “data” not working for base64 Images in Chrome 28

content-security-policy

In this simple example, I'm trying to set a CSP header with the meta http-equiv header. I included a base64 image and I'm trying to make Chrome load the image.

I thought the data keyword should do that,
but somehow it's not working.

I just get the following error in Developer Tools:

Refused to load the image 'data:image/png;base64,R0lGODlhDwAPAOZEAMkJCfAwMMYGBtZMTP75+euIiPFBP+hVVf3v7…nw7yk4Mjr6GLUY+joiBI2QAACABwJDCHgoKOHEoAYVBAgY8GGAxAoNGAmiwMHBCgccKDAKBAA7' because it violates the following Content Security Policy directive: "img-src 'self' data".

The example code (JSFiddle is not working for this example because I cannot set meta header there):

<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="
        default-src 'none';
        style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline';
        img-src 'self' data;
        " />
    <style>
        #helloCSP {
            width: 50px;
            height: 50px;
            background: url(data:image/png;base64,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) no-repeat;
            border: 1px solid red;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>CSP</h1>
    <div id="helloCSP"></div>
</body>
</html>

You can also open this example here:
https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/638360/ps/csp.html

Best Answer

According to the grammar in the CSP spec, you need to specify schemes as scheme:, not just scheme. So, you need to change the image source directive to:

img-src 'self' data:;

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Javascript – content security policy issue with chrome extension

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Javascript – How does Content Security Policy (CSP) work

The Content-Security-Policy meta-tag allows you to reduce the risk of XSS attacks by allowing you to define where resources can be loaded from, preventing browsers from loading data from any other locations. This makes it harder for an attacker to inject malicious code into your site.

I banged my head against a brick wall trying to figure out why I was getting CSP errors one after another, and there didn't seem to be any concise, clear instructions on just how does it work. So here's my attempt at explaining some points of CSP briefly, mostly concentrating on the things I found hard to solve.

For brevity I won’t write the full tag in each sample. Instead I'll only show the content property, so a sample that says content="default-src 'self'" means this:

<meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="default-src 'self'">

1. How can I allow multiple sources?

You can simply list your sources after a directive as a space-separated list:

content="default-src 'self' https://example.com/js/"

Note that there are no quotes around parameters other than the special ones, like 'self'. Also, there's no colon (:) after the directive. Just the directive, then a space-separated list of parameters.

Everything below the specified parameters is implicitly allowed. That means that in the example above these would be valid sources:

https://example.com/js/file.js
https://example.com/js/subdir/anotherfile.js

These, however, would not be valid:

http://example.com/js/file.js
^^^^ wrong protocol

https://example.com/file.js
                   ^^ above the specified path

2. How can I use different directives? What do they each do?

The most common directives are:

default-src the default policy for loading javascript, images, CSS, fonts, AJAX requests, etc
script-src defines valid sources for javascript files
style-src defines valid sources for css files
img-src defines valid sources for images
connect-src defines valid targets for to XMLHttpRequest (AJAX), WebSockets or EventSource. If a connection attempt is made to a host that's not allowed here, the browser will emulate a 400 error

There are others, but these are the ones you're most likely to need.

3. How can I use multiple directives?

You define all your directives inside one meta-tag by terminating them with a semicolon (;):

content="default-src 'self' https://example.com/js/; style-src 'self'"

4. How can I handle ports?

Everything but the default ports needs to be allowed explicitly by adding the port number or an asterisk after the allowed domain:

content="default-src 'self' https://ajax.googleapis.com http://example.com:123/free/stuff/"

The above would result in:

https://ajax.googleapis.com:123
                           ^^^^ Not ok, wrong port

https://ajax.googleapis.com - OK

http://example.com/free/stuff/file.js
                 ^^ Not ok, only the port 123 is allowed

http://example.com:123/free/stuff/file.js - OK

As I mentioned, you can also use an asterisk to explicitly allow all ports:

content="default-src example.com:*"

5. How can I handle different protocols?

By default, only standard protocols are allowed. For example to allow WebSockets ws:// you will have to allow it explicitly:

content="default-src 'self'; connect-src ws:; style-src 'self'"
                                         ^^^ web Sockets are now allowed on all domains and ports.

6. How can I allow the file protocol file://?

If you'll try to define it as such it won’t work. Instead, you'll allow it with the filesystem parameter:

content="default-src filesystem"

7. How can I use inline scripts and style definitions?

Unless explicitly allowed, you can't use inline style definitions, code inside <script> tags or in tag properties like onclick. You allow them like so:

content="script-src 'unsafe-inline'; style-src 'unsafe-inline'"

You'll also have to explicitly allow inline, base64 encoded images:

content="img-src data:"

8. How can I allow eval()?

I'm sure many people would say that you don't, since 'eval is evil' and the most likely cause for the impending end of the world. Those people would be wrong. Sure, you can definitely punch major holes into your site's security with eval, but it has perfectly valid use cases. You just have to be smart about using it. You allow it like so:

content="script-src 'unsafe-eval'"

9. What exactly does 'self' mean?

You might take 'self' to mean localhost, local filesystem, or anything on the same host. It doesn't mean any of those. It means sources that have the same scheme (protocol), same host, and same port as the file the content policy is defined in. Serving your site over HTTP? No https for you then, unless you define it explicitly.

I've used 'self' in most examples as it usually makes sense to include it, but it's by no means mandatory. Leave it out if you don't need it.

But hang on a minute! Can't I just use content="default-src *" and be done with it?

No. In addition to the obvious security vulnerabilities, this also won’t work as you'd expect. Even though some docs claim it allows anything, that's not true. It doesn't allow inlining or evals, so to really, really make your site extra vulnerable, you would use this:

content="default-src * 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval'"

... but I trust you won’t.

Further reading:

http://content-security-policy.com

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_Security_Policy

Best Answer

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Javascript – content security policy issue with chrome extension

Javascript – How does Content Security Policy (CSP) work

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