I've tried to find a precise explanation of what the init()
function does in Go. I read what Effective Go says but I was unsure if I understood fully what it said. The exact sentence I am unsure is the following:
And finally means finally: init is called after all the variable declarations in the package have evaluated their initializers, and those are evaluated only after all the imported packages have been initialized.
What does all the variable declarations in the package have evaluated their initializers
mean? Does it mean if you declare "global" variables in a package and its files, init() will not run until all of it is evaluated and then it will run all the init function and then main() when ./main_file_name is ran?
I also read Mark Summerfield's go book the following:
If a package has one or more init() functions they are automatically executed before the main package's main() function is called.
In my understanding, init()
is only relevant when you run intend to run main() right? or the Main package. Anyone understands more precisely init()
feel free to correct me
Best Answer
Yes assuming you have this:
AnswerToLife()
is guaranteed to run beforeinit()
is called, andinit()
is guaranteed to run beforemain()
is called.Keep in mind that
init()
is always called, regardless if there's main or not, so if you import a package that has aninit
function, it will be executed.Additionally, you can have multiple
init()
functions per package; they will be executed in the order they show up in the file (after all variables are initialized of course). If they span multiple files, they will be executed in lexical file name order (as pointed out by @benc):A lot of the internal Go packages use
init()
to initialize tables and such, for example https://github.com/golang/go/blob/883bc6/src/compress/bzip2/bzip2.go#L480