There are many ways to download files. Following I will post most common ways; it is up to you to decide which method is better for your app.
1. Use AsyncTask
and show the download progress in a dialog
This method will allow you to execute some background processes and update the UI at the same time (in this case, we'll update a progress bar).
Imports:
import android.os.PowerManager;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
This is an example code:
// declare the dialog as a member field of your activity
ProgressDialog mProgressDialog;
// instantiate it within the onCreate method
mProgressDialog = new ProgressDialog(YourActivity.this);
mProgressDialog.setMessage("A message");
mProgressDialog.setIndeterminate(true);
mProgressDialog.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_HORIZONTAL);
mProgressDialog.setCancelable(true);
// execute this when the downloader must be fired
final DownloadTask downloadTask = new DownloadTask(YourActivity.this);
downloadTask.execute("the url to the file you want to download");
mProgressDialog.setOnCancelListener(new DialogInterface.OnCancelListener() {
@Override
public void onCancel(DialogInterface dialog) {
downloadTask.cancel(true); //cancel the task
}
});
The AsyncTask
will look like this:
// usually, subclasses of AsyncTask are declared inside the activity class.
// that way, you can easily modify the UI thread from here
private class DownloadTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, String> {
private Context context;
private PowerManager.WakeLock mWakeLock;
public DownloadTask(Context context) {
this.context = context;
}
@Override
protected String doInBackground(String... sUrl) {
InputStream input = null;
OutputStream output = null;
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
try {
URL url = new URL(sUrl[0]);
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
connection.connect();
// expect HTTP 200 OK, so we don't mistakenly save error report
// instead of the file
if (connection.getResponseCode() != HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
return "Server returned HTTP " + connection.getResponseCode()
+ " " + connection.getResponseMessage();
}
// this will be useful to display download percentage
// might be -1: server did not report the length
int fileLength = connection.getContentLength();
// download the file
input = connection.getInputStream();
output = new FileOutputStream("/sdcard/file_name.extension");
byte data[] = new byte[4096];
long total = 0;
int count;
while ((count = input.read(data)) != -1) {
// allow canceling with back button
if (isCancelled()) {
input.close();
return null;
}
total += count;
// publishing the progress....
if (fileLength > 0) // only if total length is known
publishProgress((int) (total * 100 / fileLength));
output.write(data, 0, count);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
return e.toString();
} finally {
try {
if (output != null)
output.close();
if (input != null)
input.close();
} catch (IOException ignored) {
}
if (connection != null)
connection.disconnect();
}
return null;
}
The method above (doInBackground
) runs always on a background thread. You shouldn't do any UI tasks there. On the other hand, the onProgressUpdate
and onPreExecute
run on the UI thread, so there you can change the progress bar:
@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
super.onPreExecute();
// take CPU lock to prevent CPU from going off if the user
// presses the power button during download
PowerManager pm = (PowerManager) context.getSystemService(Context.POWER_SERVICE);
mWakeLock = pm.newWakeLock(PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK,
getClass().getName());
mWakeLock.acquire();
mProgressDialog.show();
}
@Override
protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress) {
super.onProgressUpdate(progress);
// if we get here, length is known, now set indeterminate to false
mProgressDialog.setIndeterminate(false);
mProgressDialog.setMax(100);
mProgressDialog.setProgress(progress[0]);
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
mWakeLock.release();
mProgressDialog.dismiss();
if (result != null)
Toast.makeText(context,"Download error: "+result, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
else
Toast.makeText(context,"File downloaded", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
For this to run, you need the WAKE_LOCK permission.
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />
2. Download from Service
The big question here is: how do I update my activity from a service?. In the next example we are going to use two classes you may not be aware of: ResultReceiver
and IntentService
. ResultReceiver
is the one that will allow us to update our thread from a service; IntentService
is a subclass of Service
which spawns a thread to do background work from there (you should know that a Service
runs actually in the same thread of your app; when you extends Service
, you must manually spawn new threads to run CPU blocking operations).
Download service can look like this:
public class DownloadService extends IntentService {
public static final int UPDATE_PROGRESS = 8344;
public DownloadService() {
super("DownloadService");
}
@Override
protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
String urlToDownload = intent.getStringExtra("url");
ResultReceiver receiver = (ResultReceiver) intent.getParcelableExtra("receiver");
try {
//create url and connect
URL url = new URL(urlToDownload);
URLConnection connection = url.openConnection();
connection.connect();
// this will be useful so that you can show a typical 0-100% progress bar
int fileLength = connection.getContentLength();
// download the file
InputStream input = new BufferedInputStream(connection.getInputStream());
String path = "/sdcard/BarcodeScanner-debug.apk" ;
OutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(path);
byte data[] = new byte[1024];
long total = 0;
int count;
while ((count = input.read(data)) != -1) {
total += count;
// publishing the progress....
Bundle resultData = new Bundle();
resultData.putInt("progress" ,(int) (total * 100 / fileLength));
receiver.send(UPDATE_PROGRESS, resultData);
output.write(data, 0, count);
}
// close streams
output.flush();
output.close();
input.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Bundle resultData = new Bundle();
resultData.putInt("progress" ,100);
receiver.send(UPDATE_PROGRESS, resultData);
}
}
Add the service to your manifest:
<service android:name=".DownloadService"/>
And the activity will look like this:
// initialize the progress dialog like in the first example
// this is how you fire the downloader
mProgressDialog.show();
Intent intent = new Intent(this, DownloadService.class);
intent.putExtra("url", "url of the file to download");
intent.putExtra("receiver", new DownloadReceiver(new Handler()));
startService(intent);
Here is were ResultReceiver
comes to play:
private class DownloadReceiver extends ResultReceiver{
public DownloadReceiver(Handler handler) {
super(handler);
}
@Override
protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
super.onReceiveResult(resultCode, resultData);
if (resultCode == DownloadService.UPDATE_PROGRESS) {
int progress = resultData.getInt("progress"); //get the progress
dialog.setProgress(progress);
if (progress == 100) {
dialog.dismiss();
}
}
}
}
2.1 Use Groundy library
Groundy is a library that basically helps you run pieces of code in a background service, and it is based on the ResultReceiver
concept shown above. This library is deprecated at the moment. This is how the whole code would look like:
The activity where you are showing the dialog...
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private ProgressDialog mProgressDialog;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
findViewById(R.id.btn_download).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View view) {
String url = ((EditText) findViewById(R.id.edit_url)).getText().toString().trim();
Bundle extras = new Bundler().add(DownloadTask.PARAM_URL, url).build();
Groundy.create(DownloadExample.this, DownloadTask.class)
.receiver(mReceiver)
.params(extras)
.queue();
mProgressDialog = new ProgressDialog(MainActivity.this);
mProgressDialog.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_HORIZONTAL);
mProgressDialog.setCancelable(false);
mProgressDialog.show();
}
});
}
private ResultReceiver mReceiver = new ResultReceiver(new Handler()) {
@Override
protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
super.onReceiveResult(resultCode, resultData);
switch (resultCode) {
case Groundy.STATUS_PROGRESS:
mProgressDialog.setProgress(resultData.getInt(Groundy.KEY_PROGRESS));
break;
case Groundy.STATUS_FINISHED:
Toast.makeText(DownloadExample.this, R.string.file_downloaded, Toast.LENGTH_LONG);
mProgressDialog.dismiss();
break;
case Groundy.STATUS_ERROR:
Toast.makeText(DownloadExample.this, resultData.getString(Groundy.KEY_ERROR), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
mProgressDialog.dismiss();
break;
}
}
};
}
A GroundyTask
implementation used by Groundy to download the file and show the progress:
public class DownloadTask extends GroundyTask {
public static final String PARAM_URL = "com.groundy.sample.param.url";
@Override
protected boolean doInBackground() {
try {
String url = getParameters().getString(PARAM_URL);
File dest = new File(getContext().getFilesDir(), new File(url).getName());
DownloadUtils.downloadFile(getContext(), url, dest, DownloadUtils.getDownloadListenerForTask(this));
return true;
} catch (Exception pokemon) {
return false;
}
}
}
And just add this to the manifest:
<service android:name="com.codeslap.groundy.GroundyService"/>
It couldn't be easier I think. Just grab the latest jar from Github and you are ready to go. Keep in mind that Groundy's main purpose is to make calls to external REST apis in a background service and post results to the UI with easily. If you are doing something like that in your app, it could be really useful.
3. Use DownloadManager
class (GingerBread
and newer only)
GingerBread brought a new feature, DownloadManager
, which allows you to download files easily and delegate the hard work of handling threads, streams, etc. to the system.
First, let's see a utility method:
/**
* @param context used to check the device version and DownloadManager information
* @return true if the download manager is available
*/
public static boolean isDownloadManagerAvailable(Context context) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.GINGERBREAD) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
Method's name explains it all. Once you are sure DownloadManager
is available, you can do something like this:
String url = "url you want to download";
DownloadManager.Request request = new DownloadManager.Request(Uri.parse(url));
request.setDescription("Some descrition");
request.setTitle("Some title");
// in order for this if to run, you must use the android 3.2 to compile your app
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) {
request.allowScanningByMediaScanner();
request.setNotificationVisibility(DownloadManager.Request.VISIBILITY_VISIBLE_NOTIFY_COMPLETED);
}
request.setDestinationInExternalPublicDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS, "name-of-the-file.ext");
// get download service and enqueue file
DownloadManager manager = (DownloadManager) getSystemService(Context.DOWNLOAD_SERVICE);
manager.enqueue(request);
Download progress will be showing in the notification bar.
Final thoughts
First and second methods are just the tip of the iceberg. There are lots of things you have to keep in mind if you want your app to be robust. Here is a brief list:
- You must check whether user has an internet connection available
- Make sure you have the right permissions (
INTERNET
and WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
); also ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
if you want to check internet availability.
- Make sure the directory were you are going to download files exist and has write permissions.
- If download is too big you may want to implement a way to resume the download if previous attempts failed.
- Users will be grateful if you allow them to interrupt the download.
Unless you need detailed control of the download process, then consider using DownloadManager
(3) because it already handles most of the items listed above.
But also consider that your needs may change. For example, DownloadManager
does no response caching. It will blindly download the same big file multiple times. There's no easy way to fix it after the fact. Where if you start with a basic HttpURLConnection
(1, 2), then all you need is to add an HttpResponseCache
. So the initial effort of learning the basic, standard tools can be a good investment.
This class was deprecated in API level 26. ProgressDialog is a modal
dialog, which prevents the user from interacting with the app. Instead
of using this class, you should use a progress indicator like
ProgressBar, which can be embedded in your app's UI. Alternatively,
you can use a notification to inform the user of the task's progress. For more details Link
Your version of Eclipse is 64-bit, based on the paths and filenames.
However, the version of Java that it's picking up is 32-bit, as indicated by where it is coming from, on this line:
-vm C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jre7\bin\javaw.exe
Program Files (x86)
is the folder where 64-bit Windows places 32-bit programs.
Program Files
is the folder where 64-bit Windows places 64-bit programs.
This can happen when a system has more than one JVM installed, as is often the case on Windows 64-bit (for example, the JRE download page uses the bit-ness of the browser to determine what bit-ness download to offer you, and many people use(d) 32-bit browsers even though they run 64-bit Windows).
The best way to fix this, assuming you do in fact have 64-bit JRE or JDK on your system, is to specify in eclipse.ini
exactly which JVM you want it to use. The instructions are detailed in the Eclipse wiki page, but basically you have to specify the -vm
option in the ini file - make sure to read the wiki page carefully as the format is very specific.
Specifying the JVM path in eclipse.ini
is strongly recommended because doing so isolates Eclipse from any potential changes to your system PATH
that some program installers might make (I'm talking to you, Oracle!).
Another option would be to download and use 32-bit Eclipse instead of 64-bit, but it's still strongly recommended to specify the path to the JVM in eclipse.ini
.
Left for historical reference:
To check your version of Java, run
java -version
in a console (command prompt). On Windows 7 with 64-bit Java 6 I get:
java version "1.6.0_27"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_27-b07)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 20.2-b06, mixed mode)
Note the 3rd line, which shows that this is a 64-bit version.
On a 32-bit version you'll get something like:
Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 20.1-b02, mixed mode, sharing)
If you are on a 64-bit machine, then you can install the 64-bit JDK and uninstall the 32-bit one. For instance on Windows 10, just go to Settings and under Apps, you will find Java. Click on it and you will find all the different versions. Now you can select which one to uninstall.
Best Answer
Just in case you might still be interested in an extra piece of info, are you aware that the most recent versions of Struts2 (that is, 2.1.?) do not impose the extension
.action
to your actions? In fact, you do not need any extension at all!If my recollection serves me right, the only requirement is that, in
web.xml
, you map your Struts2 filter (org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher
) to url-pattern:/*
From then on, a
<s:url>
tag appearing on a page whose extension is empty will, in turn, generate a url with no extension...