Some of the above values are easily available from the appropriate Win32 API, I just list them here for completeness. Others, however, need to be obtained from the Performance Data Helper library (PDH), which is a bit "unintuitive" and takes a lot of painful trial and error to get to work. (At least it took me quite a while, perhaps I've been only a bit stupid...)
Note: for clarity all error checking has been omitted from the following code. Do check the return codes...!
Total Virtual Memory:
#include "windows.h"
MEMORYSTATUSEX memInfo;
memInfo.dwLength = sizeof(MEMORYSTATUSEX);
GlobalMemoryStatusEx(&memInfo);
DWORDLONG totalVirtualMem = memInfo.ullTotalPageFile;
Note: The name "TotalPageFile" is a bit misleading here. In reality this parameter gives the "Virtual Memory Size", which is size of swap file plus installed RAM.
Virtual Memory currently used:
Same code as in "Total Virtual Memory" and then
DWORDLONG virtualMemUsed = memInfo.ullTotalPageFile - memInfo.ullAvailPageFile;
Virtual Memory currently used by current process:
#include "windows.h"
#include "psapi.h"
PROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS_EX pmc;
GetProcessMemoryInfo(GetCurrentProcess(), (PROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS*)&pmc, sizeof(pmc));
SIZE_T virtualMemUsedByMe = pmc.PrivateUsage;
Total Physical Memory (RAM):
Same code as in "Total Virtual Memory" and then
DWORDLONG totalPhysMem = memInfo.ullTotalPhys;
Physical Memory currently used:
Same code as in "Total Virtual Memory" and then
DWORDLONG physMemUsed = memInfo.ullTotalPhys - memInfo.ullAvailPhys;
Physical Memory currently used by current process:
Same code as in "Virtual Memory currently used by current process" and then
SIZE_T physMemUsedByMe = pmc.WorkingSetSize;
CPU currently used:
#include "TCHAR.h"
#include "pdh.h"
static PDH_HQUERY cpuQuery;
static PDH_HCOUNTER cpuTotal;
void init(){
PdhOpenQuery(NULL, NULL, &cpuQuery);
// You can also use L"\\Processor(*)\\% Processor Time" and get individual CPU values with PdhGetFormattedCounterArray()
PdhAddEnglishCounter(cpuQuery, L"\\Processor(_Total)\\% Processor Time", NULL, &cpuTotal);
PdhCollectQueryData(cpuQuery);
}
double getCurrentValue(){
PDH_FMT_COUNTERVALUE counterVal;
PdhCollectQueryData(cpuQuery);
PdhGetFormattedCounterValue(cpuTotal, PDH_FMT_DOUBLE, NULL, &counterVal);
return counterVal.doubleValue;
}
CPU currently used by current process:
#include "windows.h"
static ULARGE_INTEGER lastCPU, lastSysCPU, lastUserCPU;
static int numProcessors;
static HANDLE self;
void init(){
SYSTEM_INFO sysInfo;
FILETIME ftime, fsys, fuser;
GetSystemInfo(&sysInfo);
numProcessors = sysInfo.dwNumberOfProcessors;
GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&ftime);
memcpy(&lastCPU, &ftime, sizeof(FILETIME));
self = GetCurrentProcess();
GetProcessTimes(self, &ftime, &ftime, &fsys, &fuser);
memcpy(&lastSysCPU, &fsys, sizeof(FILETIME));
memcpy(&lastUserCPU, &fuser, sizeof(FILETIME));
}
double getCurrentValue(){
FILETIME ftime, fsys, fuser;
ULARGE_INTEGER now, sys, user;
double percent;
GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&ftime);
memcpy(&now, &ftime, sizeof(FILETIME));
GetProcessTimes(self, &ftime, &ftime, &fsys, &fuser);
memcpy(&sys, &fsys, sizeof(FILETIME));
memcpy(&user, &fuser, sizeof(FILETIME));
percent = (sys.QuadPart - lastSysCPU.QuadPart) +
(user.QuadPart - lastUserCPU.QuadPart);
percent /= (now.QuadPart - lastCPU.QuadPart);
percent /= numProcessors;
lastCPU = now;
lastUserCPU = user;
lastSysCPU = sys;
return percent * 100;
}
Total Virtual Memory:
#include "sys/types.h"
#include "sys/sysinfo.h"
struct sysinfo memInfo;
sysinfo (&memInfo);
long long totalVirtualMem = memInfo.totalram;
//Add other values in next statement to avoid int overflow on right hand side...
totalVirtualMem += memInfo.totalswap;
totalVirtualMem *= memInfo.mem_unit;
Virtual Memory currently used:
Same code as in "Total Virtual Memory" and then
long long virtualMemUsed = memInfo.totalram - memInfo.freeram;
//Add other values in next statement to avoid int overflow on right hand side...
virtualMemUsed += memInfo.totalswap - memInfo.freeswap;
virtualMemUsed *= memInfo.mem_unit;
Virtual Memory currently used by current process:
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "string.h"
int parseLine(char* line){
// This assumes that a digit will be found and the line ends in " Kb".
int i = strlen(line);
const char* p = line;
while (*p <'0' || *p > '9') p++;
line[i-3] = '\0';
i = atoi(p);
return i;
}
int getValue(){ //Note: this value is in KB!
FILE* file = fopen("/proc/self/status", "r");
int result = -1;
char line[128];
while (fgets(line, 128, file) != NULL){
if (strncmp(line, "VmSize:", 7) == 0){
result = parseLine(line);
break;
}
}
fclose(file);
return result;
}
Total Physical Memory (RAM):
Same code as in "Total Virtual Memory" and then
long long totalPhysMem = memInfo.totalram;
//Multiply in next statement to avoid int overflow on right hand side...
totalPhysMem *= memInfo.mem_unit;
Physical Memory currently used:
Same code as in "Total Virtual Memory" and then
long long physMemUsed = memInfo.totalram - memInfo.freeram;
//Multiply in next statement to avoid int overflow on right hand side...
physMemUsed *= memInfo.mem_unit;
Physical Memory currently used by current process:
Change getValue() in "Virtual Memory currently used by current process" as follows:
int getValue(){ //Note: this value is in KB!
FILE* file = fopen("/proc/self/status", "r");
int result = -1;
char line[128];
while (fgets(line, 128, file) != NULL){
if (strncmp(line, "VmRSS:", 6) == 0){
result = parseLine(line);
break;
}
}
fclose(file);
return result;
}
CPU currently used:
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "string.h"
static unsigned long long lastTotalUser, lastTotalUserLow, lastTotalSys, lastTotalIdle;
void init(){
FILE* file = fopen("/proc/stat", "r");
fscanf(file, "cpu %llu %llu %llu %llu", &lastTotalUser, &lastTotalUserLow,
&lastTotalSys, &lastTotalIdle);
fclose(file);
}
double getCurrentValue(){
double percent;
FILE* file;
unsigned long long totalUser, totalUserLow, totalSys, totalIdle, total;
file = fopen("/proc/stat", "r");
fscanf(file, "cpu %llu %llu %llu %llu", &totalUser, &totalUserLow,
&totalSys, &totalIdle);
fclose(file);
if (totalUser < lastTotalUser || totalUserLow < lastTotalUserLow ||
totalSys < lastTotalSys || totalIdle < lastTotalIdle){
//Overflow detection. Just skip this value.
percent = -1.0;
}
else{
total = (totalUser - lastTotalUser) + (totalUserLow - lastTotalUserLow) +
(totalSys - lastTotalSys);
percent = total;
total += (totalIdle - lastTotalIdle);
percent /= total;
percent *= 100;
}
lastTotalUser = totalUser;
lastTotalUserLow = totalUserLow;
lastTotalSys = totalSys;
lastTotalIdle = totalIdle;
return percent;
}
CPU currently used by current process:
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "string.h"
#include "sys/times.h"
#include "sys/vtimes.h"
static clock_t lastCPU, lastSysCPU, lastUserCPU;
static int numProcessors;
void init(){
FILE* file;
struct tms timeSample;
char line[128];
lastCPU = times(&timeSample);
lastSysCPU = timeSample.tms_stime;
lastUserCPU = timeSample.tms_utime;
file = fopen("/proc/cpuinfo", "r");
numProcessors = 0;
while(fgets(line, 128, file) != NULL){
if (strncmp(line, "processor", 9) == 0) numProcessors++;
}
fclose(file);
}
double getCurrentValue(){
struct tms timeSample;
clock_t now;
double percent;
now = times(&timeSample);
if (now <= lastCPU || timeSample.tms_stime < lastSysCPU ||
timeSample.tms_utime < lastUserCPU){
//Overflow detection. Just skip this value.
percent = -1.0;
}
else{
percent = (timeSample.tms_stime - lastSysCPU) +
(timeSample.tms_utime - lastUserCPU);
percent /= (now - lastCPU);
percent /= numProcessors;
percent *= 100;
}
lastCPU = now;
lastSysCPU = timeSample.tms_stime;
lastUserCPU = timeSample.tms_utime;
return percent;
}
I would assume, that some of the Linux code also works for the Unixes, except for the parts that read the /proc pseudo-filesystem. Perhaps on Unix these parts can be replaced by getrusage()
and similar functions?
Best Answer
Yes, by default whenever you fork a process (which
system
does), the child inherits all the parent's file descriptors. If the child doesn't need those descriptors, it SHOULD close them. The way to do this withsystem
(or any other method that does a fork+exec) is to set the FD_CLOEXEC flag on all file descriptors that shouldn't be used by the children of you process. This will cause them to be closed automatically whenever any child execs some other program.In general, ANY TIME your program opens ANY KIND of file descriptor that will live for an extended period of time (such as a listen socket in your example), and which should not be shared with children, you should do
on the file descriptor.
As of the 2016? revision of POSIX.1, you can use the
SOCK_CLOEXEC
flag or'd into the type of the socket to get this behavior automatically when you create the socket:which guarentees it will be closed properly even if some other simultaneously running thread does a
system
orfork
+exec
call. Fortunately, this flag has been supported for awhile on Linux and BSD unixes (but not OSX, unfortunately).