There is actually a (subtle) difference between the two. Imagine you have the following code in File1.cs:
// File1.cs
using System;
namespace Outer.Inner
{
class Foo
{
static void Bar()
{
double d = Math.PI;
}
}
}
Now imagine that someone adds another file (File2.cs) to the project that looks like this:
// File2.cs
namespace Outer
{
class Math
{
}
}
The compiler searches Outer
before looking at those using
directives outside the namespace, so it finds Outer.Math
instead of System.Math
. Unfortunately (or perhaps fortunately?), Outer.Math
has no PI
member, so File1 is now broken.
This changes if you put the using
inside your namespace declaration, as follows:
// File1b.cs
namespace Outer.Inner
{
using System;
class Foo
{
static void Bar()
{
double d = Math.PI;
}
}
}
Now the compiler searches System
before searching Outer
, finds System.Math
, and all is well.
Some would argue that Math
might be a bad name for a user-defined class, since there's already one in System
; the point here is just that there is a difference, and it affects the maintainability of your code.
It's also interesting to note what happens if Foo
is in namespace Outer
, rather than Outer.Inner
. In that case, adding Outer.Math
in File2 breaks File1 regardless of where the using
goes. This implies that the compiler searches the innermost enclosing namespace before it looks at any using
directive.
You should use the arc4random_uniform()
function. It uses a superior algorithm to rand
. You don't even need to set a seed.
#include <stdlib.h>
// ...
// ...
int r = arc4random_uniform(74);
The arc4random
man page:
NAME
arc4random, arc4random_stir, arc4random_addrandom -- arc4 random number generator
LIBRARY
Standard C Library (libc, -lc)
SYNOPSIS
#include <stdlib.h>
u_int32_t
arc4random(void);
void
arc4random_stir(void);
void
arc4random_addrandom(unsigned char *dat, int datlen);
DESCRIPTION
The arc4random() function uses the key stream generator employed by the arc4 cipher, which uses 8*8 8
bit S-Boxes. The S-Boxes can be in about (2**1700) states. The arc4random() function returns pseudo-
random numbers in the range of 0 to (2**32)-1, and therefore has twice the range of rand(3) and
random(3).
The arc4random_stir() function reads data from /dev/urandom and uses it to permute the S-Boxes via
arc4random_addrandom().
There is no need to call arc4random_stir() before using arc4random(), since arc4random() automatically
initializes itself.
EXAMPLES
The following produces a drop-in replacement for the traditional rand() and random() functions using
arc4random():
#define foo4random() (arc4random() % ((unsigned)RAND_MAX + 1))
Best Answer
If you're writing an application that uses some set of libraries, then you already know what your namespace looks like and you just need to select names that do not conflict with existing available functions.
However, if you are writing a library for use by others, then you should pick a reasonably unique prefix to try to avoid name collisions with other libraries. With only two characters there may still be name collisions, but the frequency will be reduced.