Python – TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not ‘str’

pythonpython-3.xsockets

The following is the code that tries to modify the input supplied by a user by using sockets:

from socket import *

serverName = '127.0.0.1'
serverPort = 12000
clientSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM)
message = input('Input lowercase sentence:')
clientSocket.sendto(message,(serverName, serverPort))
modifiedMessage, serverAddress = clientSocket.recvfrom(2048)
print (modifiedMessage)
clientSocket.close()

When I execute it and supply input the following error occurs:

Input lowercase sentence:fdsgfdf
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\srinath files\NETWORKS\UDPclient.py", line 6, in <module>
    clientSocket.sendto(message,(serverName, serverPort))
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'

What can I do to solve this?

Best Answer

This code is good for Python 2. But in Python 3, results in bit encoding error. I was trying to make a simple TCP server and encountered the same problem. Encoding solves this. Try this with sendto command.

clientSocket.sendto(message.encode(),(serverName, serverPort))

Similarly you should use .decode() to receive the data on the UDP server side, if you want to print it exactly as it was sent.

Related Solutions

Python – TypeError: ‘module’ object is not callable

socket is a module, containing the class socket.

You need to do socket.socket(...) or from socket import socket:

>>> import socket
>>> socket
<module 'socket' from 'C:\Python27\lib\socket.pyc'>
>>> socket.socket
<class 'socket._socketobject'>
>>>
>>> from socket import socket
>>> socket
<class 'socket._socketobject'>

This is what the error message means:
It says module object is not callable, because your code is calling a module object. A module object is the type of thing you get when you import a module. What you were trying to do is to call a class object within the module object that happens to have the same name as the module that contains it.

Here is a way to logically break down this sort of error:

"module object is not callable. Python is telling me my code trying to call something that cannot be called. What is my code trying to call?"
"The code is trying to call on socket. That should be callable! Is the variable socket is what I think it is?`
I should print out what socket is and check print socket

Python – builtins.TypeError: must be str, not bytes

The outfile should be in binary mode.

outFile = open('output.xml', 'wb')

Best Answer

Related Solutions

Python – TypeError: ‘module’ object is not callable

Python – builtins.TypeError: must be str, not bytes

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