Eclipse – why can’t I set up a breakpoint in eclipse

The three most influential factors for Eclipse speed are:

• Using the latest version of Eclipse (2020-06 as on 26 June 2020)
  Note that David Balažic's comment (July 2014) contradicts that criteria which was working six years ago:

The "same" workspace in Indigo (3.7.2) SR2 loads in 4 seconds, in Kepler SR2 (4.3.2) in 7 seconds and in Luna (4.4.0) in 10 seconds. All are Java EE bundles. Newer versions have more bundled plugins, but still the trend is obvious. (by "same" workspace I mean: same (additionally installed) plugins used, same projects checked out from version control).

• Launching it with the latest JDK (Java 14 at the time of writing, which does not prevent you to compile in your Eclipse project with any other JDK you want: 1.4.2, 1.5, 1.6 older...)

    -vm jdk1.6.0_10\jre\bin\client\jvm.dll
  

• Configuring the eclipse.ini (see this question for a complete eclipse.ini)

    -Xms512m
    -Xmx4096m
    [...]
  

The Xmx argument is the amount of memory Eclipse will get (in simple terms). With -Xmx4g, it gets 4 GB of RAM, etc.

Note:

1. Referring to the jvm.dll has advantages:

• Splash screen coming up sooner.
• Eclipse.exe in the process list instead of java.exe.
• Firewalls: Eclipse wants access to the Internet instead of Java.
• Window management branding issues, especially on Windows and Mac.

Dec. 2020, Udo conforms in the comments

From version 4.8 (Photon) an up there was a steady speed gain after each version.
The main platform was optimized every release to load faster, enable more features for the dark theme and to add more features for newer Java versions for the Java development tools.
Especially with-in the last 3 versions the startup time was increased a lot. There should be a significant increase in start-up time with the newest version of Eclipse 2020-12.

In my experience it started a lot faster with each new version.
But: There are still plug-ins which do not follow the new way of using the Eclipse API and are therefore still slow to start.
Since the change to Java 11 as the minimum runtime version starting from Eclipse version 2020-09 at least the core system uses the newer features of the JVM. It is up to the providers of the other plug-ins to upgrade to newer APIs and to use the full power of modern CPUs (e.g. concurrent programming model).

Did you try to un-select

Window > Preferences > Java > Debug : Suspend execution on uncaught exceptions

? (as mentioned in this thread, for instance)

Why does Eclipse work that way?

It goes back to 2002, when the breakpoint object hierarchy has been stripped down.

In order to set a breakpoint, with the old API, a client required Java Model Objects - such as IType, IField, etc.
With the new API, all that is required by the debug model is type names, field names, etc.

This allows clients to set breakpoints when Java Model Objects are not available.
Clients now specify the resource to associate a breakpoint with (before we constrained it to the associated Java Model resources).

Breakpoints can now also be "hidden". That is, they need not be registered with the breakpoint manager.
Breakpoints can also be selectively persisted (markers only allowed all/none of a marker type to be persisted).
This makes the debug model more flexible, and gives clients more building blocks.

This has also simplified some part of our Java debug implementation - for example, the feature "suspend on any uncaught exception", simply sets a breakpoint for the type named "java.lang.Throwable", rather than a specific IType in a specific project.
The breakpoint is not registered with the breakpoint manager (i.e. hidden) - it is only known and used by one client.
Another example is the "run to line breakpoint". The IJavaRunToLineBreakpoint has been removed, as its special functionality is no longer required. Now, the Java debug ui simply creates a "line breakpoint" that is hidden, non persisted, and has a hit count of 1. This is an example of providing building blocks to clients.