RFC 793 says that TCP defines a "push" function that ensures that the receiver got the data:
Sometimes users need to be sure that all the data they have
submitted to the TCP has been transmitted. For this purpose a push
function is defined. To assure that data submitted to a TCP is
actually transmitted the sending user indicates that it should be
pushed through to the receiving user. A push causes the TCPs to
promptly forward and deliver data up to that point to the receiver.
However, I can't find a push
system call. Using fsync
on the file descriptor produces an invalid argument error.
I conducted an experiment with a simple server that accepts a connection from a client, waits, then sends 26 bytes to the client:
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define PORT 1234
int main(void)
{
int server_fd;
int client_fd;
if ((server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
perror("socket");
return 1;
}
{
struct sockaddr_in addr;
memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
if (bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(addr)) != 0) {
perror("bind");
return 1;
}
}
if (listen(server_fd, 20) != 0) {
perror("listen");
return 1;
}
{
struct sockaddr_in addr;
socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(addr);
printf("Waiting for connection on port %d\n", PORT);
if ((client_fd = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, &addrlen)) < 0) {
perror("accept");
return 1;
}
printf("%s:%d connected\n",
inet_ntoa(addr.sin_addr),
ntohs(addr.sin_port));
}
printf("Giving client time to close connection.\n");
sleep(10);
{
ssize_t sent_length;
if ((sent_length =
send(client_fd, "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", 26, 0)) < 0)
{
perror("send");
return 1;
}
printf("Sent %Zd bytes.\n", sent_length);
}
printf("Closing connection to client\n");
if (close(client_fd) != 0) {
perror("close(client_fd)");
return 1;
}
printf("Shutting down\n");
if (close(server_fd) != 0) {
perror("server: close(server_fd)");
return 1;
}
printf("Done!\n");
return 0;
}
I found that the send
call immediately returns 26, even after I close the connection client-side or unplug the network cable. In the latter case, the data appears on the client when I plug the cable back in and wait a few seconds (long after the server has shut down).
How do I ensure that data sent with send
is received and acknowledged?
Best Answer
There is no push, says the late W. Richard Stevens; the standard sockets API doesn't provide it, and is not required to do so by RFC 1122. You can set the
TCP_NODELAY
option, but that's only a partial solution.If you want to be sure the other end got your data, then let it send an acknowledgment over the TCP channel.