I know what base64
encoding is and how to calculate base64
encoding in C#, however I have seen several times that when I convert a string into base64, there is an =
at the end.
A few questions came up:
- Does a
base64
string always end with=
? - Why does an
=
get appended at the end?
Best Answer
Q Does a base64 string always end with =?
A: No. (the word USB is base64 encoded into dXNi)
Q Why does an = get appended at the end?
A: As a short answer: The last character ("=" sign) is added only as a complement(padding) in the final process of encoding a message with a special number of characters.
You will not have a '=' sign if your string has a multiple of 3 characters number, because
Base64
encoding takes each three bytes (a character=1 byte) and represents them as four printable characters in the ASCII standard.Example:
(a) If you want to encode
ABCDEFG <=> [
ABC
] [DEF
] [G
Base64
will deal with the first block (producing 4 characters) and the second (as they are complete). But for the third it will add a double==
in the output in order to complete the 4 needed characters. Thus, the result will be QUJD REVG Rw== (without spaces).(b) If you want to encode ABCDEFGH <=> [
ABC
] [DEF
] [GH
similarly, it will add just a single
=
in the end of the output to get 4 characters.The result will be QUJD REVG R0g= (without spaces).