For all unstaged files in current working directory use:
git checkout -- .
For a specific file use:
git checkout -- path/to/file/to/revert
--
here to remove ambiguity (this is known as argument disambiguation).
For Git 2.23 onwards, one may want to use the more specific
git restore .
resp.
git restore path/to/file/to/revert
that together with git switch
replaces the overloaded git checkout
(see here), and thus removes the argument disambiguation.
git-clean - Remove untracked files from the working tree
Synopsis
git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <path>…
Description
Cleans the working tree by recursively removing files that are not under version control, starting from the current directory.
Normally, only files unknown to Git are removed, but if the -x
option is specified, ignored files are also removed. This can, for example, be useful to remove all build products.
If any optional <path>...
arguments are given, only those paths are affected.
Step 1 is to show what will be deleted by using the -n
option:
# Print out the list of files and directories which will be removed (dry run)
git clean -n -d
Clean Step - beware: this will delete files:
# Delete the files from the repository
git clean -f
- To remove directories, run
git clean -f -d
or git clean -fd
- To remove ignored files, run
git clean -f -X
or git clean -fX
- To remove ignored and non-ignored files, run
git clean -f -x
or git clean -fx
Note the case difference on the X
for the two latter commands.
If clean.requireForce
is set to "true" (the default) in your configuration, one needs to specify -f
otherwise nothing will actually happen.
Again see the git-clean
docs for more information.
Options
-f
, --force
If the Git configuration variable clean.requireForce is not set to
false, git clean will refuse to run unless given -f
, -n
or -i
.
-x
Don’t use the standard ignore rules read from .gitignore (per
directory) and $GIT_DIR/info/exclude
, but do still use the ignore
rules given with -e
options. This allows removing all untracked files,
including build products. This can be used (possibly in conjunction
with git reset) to create a pristine working directory to test a clean
build.
-X
Remove only files ignored by Git. This may be useful to rebuild
everything from scratch, but keep manually created files.
-n
, --dry-run
Don’t actually remove anything, just show what would be done.
-d
Remove untracked directories in addition to untracked files. If an
untracked directory is managed by a different Git repository, it is
not removed by default. Use -f
option twice if you really want to
remove such a directory.
Best Answer
I was asking this exact same question a while back (not here, just in general) and ended up coming up with a very similar solution to OP's proposition. First I'll provide direct answers to questions 1 2 & 3, and then I'll post the solution I ended up using.
git checkout
step, but the solution below has met my needs well enough that a literal post-checkout script wasn't necessary.The Solution:
Our developers are in much the same situation as OP's: a mixture of Windows and Unix-like hosts, repositories and submodules with many git symlinks, and no native support (yet) in the release version of MsysGit for intelligently handling these symlinks on Windows hosts.
Thanks to Josh Lee for pointing out the fact that git commits symlinks with special filemode
120000
. With this information it's possible to add a few git aliases that allow for the creation and manipulation of git symlinks on Windows hosts.Creating git symlinks on Windows
Usage:
git add-symlink <source_file_or_dir> <target_symlink>
, where the argument corresponding to the source file or directory must take the form of a path relative to the target symlink. You can use this alias the same way you would normally useln
.E.g., the repository tree:
Can be created on Windows as follows:
Replacing git symlinks with NTFS hardlinks+junctions
Usage:
This alias can remove git symlinks one-by-one or all-at-once in one fell swoop. Symlinks will be replaced with NTFS hardlinks (in the case of files) or NTFS junctions (in the case of directories). The benefit of using hardlinks+junctions over "true" NTFS symlinks is that elevated UAC permissions are not required in order for them to be created.
To remove symlinks from submodules, just use git's built-in support for iterating over them:
But, for every drastic action like this, a reversal is nice to have...
Restoring git symlinks on Windows
Usage:
git checkout-symlinks [symlink] [symlink] [...]
, which undoesgit rm-symlinks
, effectively restoring the repository to its natural state (except for your changes, which should stay intact).And for submodules:
Limitations:
Directories/files/symlinks with spaces in their paths should work. But tabs or newlines? YMMV… (By this I mean: don’t do that, because it will not work.)
If yourself or others forget to
git checkout-symlinks
before doing something with potentially wide-sweeping consequences likegit add -A
, the local repository could end up in a polluted state.Using our "example repo" from before:
Whoops...
For this reason, it's nice to include these aliases as steps to perform for Windows users before-and-after building a project, rather than after checkout or before pushing. But each situation is different. These aliases have been useful enough for me that a true post-checkout solution hasn't been necessary.
Hope that helps!
References:
http://git-scm.com/book/en/Git-Internals-Git-Objects
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc753194
Last Update: 2019-03-13
mklink
calls, of course) — no more Bashisms!add-symlink
alias now works more like ln(1) and can be used from any directory in the repository, not just the repository’s root directory.rm-symlink
alias (singular) has been superseded by therm-symlinks
alias (plural), which now accepts multiple arguments (or no arguments at all, which finds all of the symlinks throughout the repository, as before) for selectively transforming git symlinks into NTFS hardlinks+junctions.checkout-symlinks
alias has also been updated to accept multiple arguments (or none at all, == everything) for selective reversal of the aforementioned transformations.Final Note: While I did test loading and running these aliases using Bash 3.2 (and even 3.1) for those who may still be stuck on such ancient versions for any number of reasons, be aware that versions as old as these are notorious for their parser bugs. If you experience issues while trying to install any of these aliases, the first thing you should look into is upgrading your shell (for Bash, check the version with CTRL+X, CTRL+V). Alternatively, if you’re trying to install them by pasting them into your terminal emulator, you may have more luck pasting them into a file and sourcing it instead, e.g. as
Good luck!