Facebook – being asked to suggest friends for someone who is not a Facebook friend

Facebook has access to all friendship-data on their site, even if you lock down the privacy settings. As an addition many users share their contact-book or even e-mails with Facebook. Most peoples have filled out their profile quite decent so it has data about your school, your employer, your current place, your interests and so on. Although Facebook states it does not use it, they can track all users (and even non-users) across many websites via the "like"-button which is transcluded directly from Facebook.

From this data it can calculate this friend requests.

It sounds like the user has blocked you. In that case you cannot see their posts or comments or their profile and also they cannot see your posts or comments or profile. You will not be able to block them except by email address, but they are already effectively blocked so there is nothing you need to do.

Of course, if they have a friend or family member that can see the post then that person may have shown it to them, or if the post was public then they can see it without even logging in.

In the past it was possible for someone to block you so that you could not see them, and then they could log in when you are not on and unblock you so that they could read your comments, and then block you again when they were done. To stop that, Facebook now requires that you wait 48 hours after clicking on "Unblock" before they are actually "unblocked" and also you can't "Block" the same person for 4 days after clicking on the "Unblock". So if someone is blocking and unblocking you, you will have at least 48 hours to see them (and block them if you wish) before they can block you again.