Gmail Notification – What is the Use of ‘Undo’?

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In Gmail, I send a email then I receive a pop up at left bottom corner:

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What is the use of "Undo" option in this pop up?

Best Answer

From a Google answers question:

Recall an email with Undo Send

If you decide you don't want to send an email, you have a short time after to cancel it. Right after you send a message, you can retract it.

and

Choose an amount of time to recall a message

On your computer, go to Gmail.
In the top right, click Settings and again Settings.
Next to "Undo Send," select a Send cancellation period of 5, 10, 20, or 30 seconds.

Google keeps the mails on its servers for the time you specify here. That's how they can actually implement this: they don't immediately send your mail. The default (and minimum) time is 5 seconds.
The mail does not get deleted, you can e.g. edit it and resend.

Note: there are people claiming that in the case of sending mail to another Gmail account, the message is send immediately, because Google "can remove the message from the recipient's inbox."
I have not yet seen proof of that, and I doubt it is true, because it would raise privacy issues.