Google-docs – In Google Docs, can I hide other users’ cursor/selection

In short, yes!

Assuming you have a second language installed on your machine, you should simply be able to toggle to it normally. According to my experience Google Docs will automatically support it if your OS does. You can toggle back and forth at will (usually Cmd+Space on Mac, Alt+Shift on Windows, and user-defined on Linux) as you would in any other document.

I don't think there is a way to turn off the highlighting and still leave the comments as shown in your example pic. However, there are a few alternatives that may work for you. First is that you can mark comments as resolved. This will remove the highlighting, but will also hide the comment. You can show the resolved comments along with all other comments and any discussion history from them by clicking the Comments button in the upper-right part of the screen.

This Comments button also provides another possibility, which is that you can leave comments without highlighting text. At the top of the Comments pane is the option to create a new comment. This comment will appear without an associated text, so it will not highlight anything on the page. The downfall again is that it does not appear on the side as shown in your example, but instead it is limited to displaying only when the comments pane is visible (i.e., you pressed the Comments button).