Google-drive – prevent deletion or editing but allow downloading

Once a file is uploaded can others in my organization see the files and download them as they need to?

You will have to setup sharing options; also unless its set to Public I think others will need to have Google accounts to manage the access rights.

Can I upload and download any file type with Google Drive?

Not 'any' type, but it covers a lot of the common use cases: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Drive#Supported_file_formats

Edit: As @William Jackson points out in the comment below, this is the list of files that can be edited in docs, if you only care about storage then it should accept any file type.

This can be accomplished through the Google Apps Control Panel if you are an administrator (or if you have administrator access to the Reports page in Google Apps).

Just go to the Cpanel > Reports > Drive and Docs, edit the filter and add the "actor email" (the email of the user who will be receiving files), and conduct the search. Any views or edits of documents will be logged. Folder views are not logged.