Google-forms – Access to a Google form once people have used it

You will need to use Google Apps Script and to use the old Google Forms as the new one doesn't include yet a way to add the following script.

To add the script,

1. Open the form in the form editor.
2. Go to Tools > Script Editor.
3. Paste the below code.
4. Save the project and give a name to it.
5. Run once time to authorize it.

Note: The original code included a line to add the link to edit the response. That line was converted to a comment to meet the requirements stated in the question.

// Adaptation from http://securitasdato.blogspot.mx/2014/11/sending-confirmation-emails-from-google.html

function setup() {

  /* First, delete all previous triggers */
  var triggers = ScriptApp.getProjectTriggers();

  for (var i in triggers) {
    ScriptApp.deleteTrigger(triggers[i]);
  }

  /* Then add a trigger to send an email on form submit */
  ScriptApp.newTrigger("sendConfirmationEmail")
  .forForm(FormApp.getActiveForm())
  .onFormSubmit()
  .create();
}

function sendConfirmationEmail(e) {
  // e is a Form Event object - see https://developers.google.com/apps-script/guides/triggers/events#google_forms_events

  // Edit this to set the subject line for the sent email
  var subject = "Registration Successful";

  // This will show up as the sender's name
  var sendername = "Your Name Goes Here";

  // This is the body of the registration confirmation message
  var message = "Thank you for registering.<br>We will be in touch.<br><br>";
  message += "Your form responses were:<br><br>";

  // response is a FormResponse - see https://developers.google.com/apps-script/reference/forms/form-response
  var response = e.response;

  var textbody, sendTo, bcc;

  // Get the script owner's email address, in order to bcc: them
  bcc = Session.getActiveUser().getEmail();

  // Now loop around, getting the item responses and writing them into the email message
  var itemResponses = response.getItemResponses();
  for (var i = 0; i < itemResponses.length; i++) {
    var itemResponse = itemResponses[i];
    message += itemResponse.getItem().getTitle() +": " + itemResponse.getResponse() + "<br>";
    // If this field is the email address, then use it to fill in the sendTo variable
    // (Optional) Check that your form item is named "Email Address" or edit to match
    if (itemResponse.getItem().getTitle() == "Email Address") {
      sendTo = itemResponse.getResponse();
    }else{
      // If the form don't ask the respondent email address use the following one
      sendTo = 'sendconfirmationemail@googlegroups.com'; //replace this email address by your own default email address.
    }
  }
 // The following line was commented in order to avoid to include the link to edit the response
  // message += "<br>If you wish to edit your response, please click on <a href="\""" +="" response.geteditresponseurl()="" "\"="">this link</a>.";
  message += "<br><br>";
  textbody = message.replace("<br>", "\n");

  GmailApp.sendEmail(sendTo, subject, textbody,
                       {bcc: bcc, name: sendername, htmlBody: message});
}

Reference

• Sending Confirmation Emails from Google Apps Forms

Yes, it's possible, but with slight different approach:

Submit one answer for each respondent in order to get one edit URL by each of them, then send the corresponding URL to each respondent.

Below is a code snippet that programmatically submits a response and log some response attributes including the edit response url by two methods, the first one has an issue, the second one is a workaround.

It will work as a stand alone or as a bounded script.

/*
This code shows how to get the edit response url of a 
programmatically submitted response to a Google Form
*/ 

// Replace the form ID by your own form
var formID = '1234567890abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';

function myFunction() {
  var form = FormApp.openById(formID);
  var response = form.createResponse();
  var items = form.getItems();
  var item = items[0];
  if (item.getType() == 'TEXT') {
    var textItem = item.asTextItem();
    var itemResponse = textItem.createResponse('my text');
    response.withItemResponse(itemResponse);
  } 
  // Submit response
  var submittedResponse = response.submit();
  // Get submitted response attributes
  var values = {
    ID : submittedResponse.getId(),
    TS : submittedResponse.getTimestamp(),
    /* 
    Issue 4476: FormApp: getEditResponseUrl() produces invalid URL 
    https://code.google.com/p/google-apps-script-issues/issues/detail?id=4476
    */
    ER1 : submittedResponse.getEditResponseUrl(),
    /* Workaround from 
    https://code.google.com/p/google-apps-script-issues/issues/detail?id=4476#c2
    */
    ER2 : submittedResponse.getEditResponseUrl().replace(
      /\?edit2=.*/,"?edit2=" + submittedResponse.getId()
    ) 
  };
  Logger.log(values);
}

References

• Class FormResponse - Google Apps Script Reference
• Issue 4476: FormApp: getEditResponseUrl() produces invalid URL