In google maps click "My places" then assign "home" address. Next time you're searching for directions you can simply begin typing "home" into one of the direction fields and it will load your home address. Presumably this works with your "work" location as well.
However, under "My Places", you can define addresses for "Home" and "Work". Then when you are using maps to get directions, you can use "Home" or "Work" as the start/end point instead of typing in a full address or lat/long coordinates.
Best Answer
Click the "Gear" icon and choose "Search Settings".
Click "Location". Put in as detailed a location as you want. (A full address, a city and state, just a state, a country, etc.) Save.
Of course, this is tied to your Google account, so you'll need to be signed in for it to work.
More information from Google Maps Support: Location settings.