Google-sheets – Automation Google Presentations

You can use the following script:

function onOpen() {
    var sheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSpreadsheet();
    var entries = [{name:"MyFunction", functionName:"myFunction"}];
    sheet.addMenu("Scripts", entries);
};

function myFunction() {
    var ss = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSpreadsheet(); 
    var mysheet = ss.getActiveSheet();

    var input = Browser.inputBox("Input", "Input Row No. To Navigate:", Browser.Buttons.OK);
    mysheet.setActiveCell(mysheet.getDataRange().offset(input-1, 0, 1, 1));
};

As soon as you input the row number, you will be navigated to the "Cell" which is at the first Column in that row.

And in onOpen() function, I have coded to insert myFunction in the "Scripts" menu at the menu bar. I have entered this function in the script so that you don't have to run the script from script editor again and again and so that you can do it directly from the menu bar.

I don't think this is possible, since there is no onClick-trigger.
There are alternatives, though, using scripts. I've built two different ways.

Dropdown
Use a dropdown where you select the number of the column to choose from.

A button (drawing)
Click on a drawing with a script assigned to it updating the scripts source range.

See example of both here. The "Click me" drawing has the script updateChart-function assigned to it.

Since you have your chart-ranges on the x-axis I've used Mogsdad's method to Switch rows / columns programmatically. The method requires the 2D Arrays Library, read here how to install it. It also requires you to have a sheet named Scratch, you can hide it, though.

Here's the code used:

function onEdit(e) {
  var sheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSheet();
  if (sheet.getName() == "Chart Sheet"){
    //var sourceRange = e.source.getActiveRange();
    var sourceRow = 1;//sourceRange.getRow();
    var sourceColumn = 1;//sourceRange.getColumn();
    var sourceRange = sheet.getRange(sourceRow, sourceColumn)
    var sourceValue = sourceRange.getValue();
    var lastCol = sheet.getLastColumn();
    var newRange = sheet.getRange(sourceValue + 1, 2, 1, lastCol);


    if(sourceRow == 1 && sourceColumn == 1){ //Address to cell with dropdown, placed in corner not to interfere with getLastColumn

      var srcData = sheet.getRange(sourceValue + 1, 2, 1, lastCol).getValues();

      // Transpose the table (using 2D Array Library)
      var scratchData = ArrayLib.transpose(srcData);

      var numRows = scratchData.length;
      var numCols = scratchData[0].length; // assume all rows are same width

      // Write scratch values to scratch sheet.
      var scratchSheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSpreadsheet().getSheetByName("Scratch");
      scratchSheet.getRange(1, 1, numRows, numCols).setValues( scratchData );
      SpreadsheetApp.flush();



      var chart = sheet.getCharts()[0];
        var oldRange = chart.getRanges()[0];
        chart = chart.modify()
        .removeRange(oldRange)
        .addRange(scratchSheet.getDataRange())
        .build();
        sheet.updateChart(chart);
      }
    }
}

function updateChart(){
  var ss = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSpreadsheet();
  var sheet = ss.getActiveSheet();
  var lastCol = sheet.getLastColumn();
  var row = sheet.getActiveRange().getRow();
  var newRange = sheet.getRange(row, 1, 1, 3);

  var srcData = sheet.getRange(row, 2, 1, lastCol).getValues();

  // Transpose the table (using 2D Array Library)
  var scratchData = ArrayLib.transpose(srcData);

  var numRows = scratchData.length;
  var numCols = scratchData[0].length; // assume all rows are same width

  // Write scratch values to scratch sheet.
  var scratchSheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSpreadsheet().getSheetByName("Scratch");
  scratchSheet.getRange(1, 1, numRows, numCols).setValues( scratchData );
  SpreadsheetApp.flush();

  var chart = sheet.getCharts()[0];
  var oldRange = chart.getRanges()[0];
  chart = chart.modify()
  .removeRange(oldRange)
  .addRange(scratchSheet.getDataRange())
  .build();
  sheet.updateChart(chart);
  sheet.getRange(1, 1).setValue(row - 1); //This row is only necessary if both methods are used
}

I hope this helps, ask me if you have any questions!