Google-sheets – Is Google Sheets capable of making a gantt-like chart like this? If so, how

As far as I know, there isn't a way to do that. Instead, create a Web App so will have access to more options for your charts.

One alternative is to use Google Apps Script HtmlService.

Example

Code.gs

function doGet() {
  return HtmlService.createHtmlOutputFromFile('index')
      .setSandboxMode(HtmlService.SandboxMode.IFRAME);
}

index.html

<!--Load the AJAX API-->
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.google.com/jsapi"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">

  // Load the Visualization API and the piechart package.
  google.load('visualization', '1.0', {'packages':['corechart']});
  
  // Set a callback to run when the Google Visualization API is loaded.
  google.setOnLoadCallback(drawGID);
  
  // Callback that creates and populates a data table, 
  // instantiates the chart, passes in the data and
  // draws it.
  
  function drawGID() {
  var queryString = encodeURIComponent('SELECT A, H, O, Q, R, U LIMIT 5 OFFSET 8');

  var query = new google.visualization.Query(
      'https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1XWJLkAwch5GXAt_7zOFDcg8Wm8Xv29_8PWuuW15qmAE/gviz/tq?gid=0&headers=1&tq=' + queryString);
  query.send(handleQueryResponse);
}

function handleQueryResponse(response) {
  if (response.isError()) {
    alert('Error in query: ' + response.getMessage() + ' ' + response.getDetailedMessage());
    return;
  }

  var data = response.getDataTable();
  var chart = new google.visualization.ColumnChart(document.getElementById('chart_div'));
  chart.draw(data, { height: 400 });
}

</script>
<!--Div that will hold the chart-->
<div id="chart_div" style="width:400; height:300"></div>

References
Create a chart or graph - Docs Editors Help
Google Charts > Google Spreadsheets - Google Developers

In the chart's menu, go to Advanced Edit..., then in the Chart types tab you can enter the range. If you need to skip some columns, enter 2 ranges separated by a comma, one to left of the column you need to skip, and one to the right. This is how it looks like in a chart I maintain - skipping columns E to G and M to O:

C15:D948, H15:L948, N15:P948