Red and violet bicycle roads

I think the ones you mention pretty much cover what is available actually - the only other ones are the node, way and relation parameters for overlaying specific OpenStreetMap objects on the map.

I would add though that most of these parameters are considered internal implementation details for use by the OpenStreetMap site itself and you shouldn't really be relying on them for use in other places.

The only real exception to that is the mlat and mlon parameters as they are used by the embedded map export tool to overlay a marker so it is unlikely we would remove those.

You can use the Google Places API to get at this data. It will allow you to specify a Lat/Long coordination and return places based on a radius distance. There is also documentation for Javascript based application.

Here's some info from the first article on using Place Search:

The Google Places API allows you to query for place information on a variety of categories, such as: establishments, prominent points of interest, geographic locations, and more. You can search for places either by proximity or a text string. A Place Search returns a list of Places along with summary information about each Place; additional information is available via a Place Details query.

You will need to set up the API project in https://code.google.com/apis/console/ to get the required project key parameter.

Example request:

https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/place/search/json?location=-33.8670522,151.1957362&radius=500&types=food&name=harbour&sensor=false&key=<PROJECT KEY GOES HERE>