Google Plus – What Happens to Custom URL When You Delete a Google Account

If your profile is suspended, you will not be able to make full use of Google services that require an active profile such as Google+, Reader and Picasa. This will not prevent you from using other Google services, like Gmail. Your profile can be restored by editing your name and submitting an appeal that will be reviewed by our team, as directed by on-screen instructions.

Here's the official Google policy on names in Google+. (Actually, it is, by extension, their new Google Profile policy, as you can't have one without the other.)

Basically, you need to use your name as you are commonly known. My first name is "Albert" but nobody calls me that, so I use "Al".

Their rules:

• Your common first and last name in a single language script. Leave of the "Dr." and ".jr" and use one language
• Nicknames and pseudonyms need to go in the "other names" field
• No unusual characters (★, @, etc.)
• Your name must represent one individual. Entities should use the Page feature
• Don't use someone else's name
• Names can be changed only once every 30 days

Get all the details at their official policy.

As of now, it is impossible to change your Google+ Custom URL. The Google support page says:

Once approved, this URL will be linked to your Google+ page or Profile, so be sure everything is exactly the way you want it. Once your URL has been approved, you can't request to change it. When you're certain, click Confirm.

Change your custom URL

If you want to change the capitalization or accents/diacritics of your custom URL, follow these steps:

Go to the "Links" section of your Google+ profile. A box will appear allowing you to make edits to the formatting. Remember, you can only change the capitalization or accents/diacritics of the URL, not the URL itself.

I guess you're not the only one having such an issue so Google might change this policy, but right now I believe there's nothing you can do.