Electrical – Determine gain, Vo/Vin, of an amplifier for values of x

These stages are inverting. Your equations are both missing a - in the transfer function.

V1 gets inverted twice, that's why it has a positive coefficient. V2 gets inverted once, that's why it has a negative coefficient.

The textbook is correct.

Let \$R_{1\text{L}}\$ and \$R_{2\text{L}}\$ refer to the leftmost \$R_1\$ and \$R_2\$, respectively, and \$R_{1\text{R}}\$ and \$R_{2\text{R}}\$ refer to the rightmost \$R_1\$ and \$R_2\$, respectively.

The voltage at the inverting input of the op amp is \$V_- = V_{\text{in}}\$, so the current through \$R_{1\text{L}}\$ is \$V_{\text{in}}/R_{1\text{L}}\$. Since there is ideally no current into the op amp's input, the current through \$R_{2\text{L}}\$ is also \$V_{\text{in}}/R_{1\text{L}}\$.

The voltage across \$R_{2\text{L}}\$ is

$$\frac{V_{\text{in}}}{R_{1\text{L}}}R_{2\text{L}}$$

by Ohm's Law.

The voltage \$V_M\$ at the middle node (at the T intersection of the resistors) is therefore

$$V_M = V_{\text{in}} + \frac{V_{\text{in}}}{R_{1\text{L}}}R_{2\text{L}} \tag1$$

The current through \$R_{1\text{R}}\$ is \$V_{M}/R_{1\text{R}}\$. The current through \$R_{2\text{R}}\$ is this current plus the current through \$R_{2\text{L}}\$:

$$\frac{V_{M}}{R_{1\text{R}}} + \frac{V_{\text{in}}}{R_{1\text{L}}}$$

so the voltage across it is

$$\left(\frac{V_{M}}{R_{1\text{R}}} + \frac{V_{\text{in}}}{R_{1\text{L}}}\right)R_{2\text{R}}$$

This voltage plus \$V_M\$ is \$V_{\text{out}}\$:

$$V_{\text{out}} = V_M + \left(\frac{V_{M}}{R_{1\text{R}}} + \frac{V_{\text{in}}}{R_{1\text{L}}}\right)R_{2\text{R}} \tag2$$

Substituting \$(1)\$ into \$(2)\$ and dropping the L and R from the subscripts:

$$\begin{split}V_{\text{out}} &= V_{\text{in}} + \frac{V_{\text{in}}}{R_{1}}R_{2} + \left(\frac{V_{\text{in}} + \frac{V_{\text{in}}}{R_{1}}R_{2}}{R_{1}} + \frac{V_{\text{in}}}{R_{1}}\right)R_{2} \\ &= V_{\text{in}}\left(1 + \frac{R_{2}}{R_{1}} + \frac{R_{2}}{R_{1}} + \frac{R_{2}^2}{R_{1}^2} + \frac{R_{2}}{R_{1}}\right) \\ &= V_{\text{in}}\left(1 + 3\frac{R_{2}}{R_{1}} + \frac{R_{2}^2}{R_{1}^2}\right)\end{split}$$

$$\boxed{\frac{V_{\text{out}}}{V_{\text{in}}} = 1 + 3\frac{R_{2}}{R_{1}} + \frac{R_{2}^2}{R_{1}^2}}$$