According to Wikipedia a Tesla coil
transfers energy (via loose coupling) from one oscillating resonant circuit (the primary) to the other (the secondary) over a number of RF cycles.
which I don't quite get. RF is likely opposed to near field and the near field spawns about 1 wavelength from the source and that's 30 meters even at 10MHz, so looks like it's a plain old near field transformer, just with an air core and with coils separated rather far from each other.
So does Tesla coild use near or far field for transmitting energy?
Best Answer
Tesla coils generally use near-field energy transfer. But ...
The page cited is sloppy in its wording and it would better to say "near field" where it says "RF". But, (again) ...
The answer is necessarily not black and white.
"Near field" has a precise meaning BUT obtaining ONLY near field coupling in a given case is not certain.
There is a gradual transition from NF to FF and a boundary region where both can occur. Near Field essentially occurs where certain geometry dependant terms form a major or significant part in describing interactions between transmit and receive structures - these relate to cyclical transfer of energy between the antenna I and V and adjacent electrostatic and magnetic fields. As distance increases these terms become less significant until they can be ignored.
You'll always get "some of both" with "some" varying as you move away from the antenna.
(1) At distances of well under a wavelength there is substantial interaction between the electric and magnetic fields produced by the aerial and current and voltage in the antenna. Energy is transferred to and fro between fields and aerial throughout with losses caused by non idealities but no energy loss due to energy "leaving" the aerial structure. This close in zone is termed the "reactive zone" where power may be absorbed by a tuned load which has voltage and current induced in it and which then dissipates energy (ie has a resistive component). Coupling involving power transfer is magnetic.
(3) [note number] "RF communications or energy transfer occur at distances beyond several wavelengths form the"antenna" structure. Here the ratio if electric and magnetic coupling have "settled down" and any energy present is not coupled to the structure I & V so is "lost", whether "received" or not. One way of viewing this one is that the two aerials are geometrically distance and secondary terms which account for the filed coupling and which have a strong distance dependent component have become insignificant - the field has become essentially homogeneous over lengths of the order of the receiving antenna.
(2) At distances past about half a wavelength the "second order" terms on which pure NFC coupling depends start to get small and the field starts to become homogeneous. This is termed the "Fresnel zone" (the guy has his name all over) and there is a degree of non ideality in field coupling to the antenna.
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This wikipedia page on near and far field does a better than usual job of commenting.
Their summary section says, in part: