Electronic – Extract 5W low voltage power from 3000W high voltage source

In general, this sort of "universal" AC-input power supply is going to be done as two separate stages: a boost converter (optionally including power factor correction) that creates a loosely-regulated 400VDC bus, and then a buck regulator that converts that to your output voltage, using a transformer to achieve isolation from the mains.

As an alternative, you might consider purchasing an off-the-shelf switching power supply rated at, say, 24V @ 1A (this would give you your isolation and most of your required certifications) and then use a relatively simple boost regulator to convert this to 112-115V @ 150 mA.

Is your lab power supply limiting the current to match what your solar panels would provide under your test conditions (i.e. not max rated current on the panel, but what the current is when it's dropping from 7V to 1.5V)? Could be that your solar panels don't provide quite enough current and voltage will sink since load resistance does not change.

Easy way to check is to hook it up to your power supply and slowly reduce the current via the current knob.

If you have a really simple supply and can't control the current, then you're going to have to us a multimeter to check.

EDIT: OP has provided the follow quick schematic in comments: http://i.imgur.com/m8S8Q4j.jpg

While in some use-cases, you might want to do this, generally it's better to have some form of regulation and predictable behaviour. Because there is a large variance in the output of a solar panel, it's generally better to store solar energy into some form of a power reserve first (battery, large capacitors, etc.) and then using that to power your load on-demand.