Electronic – Large number of termination resistors and bi-directional signals

pcbpcb-designsignal integrity

I am designing PCB which has an FT601 for USB communication. No matter how hard I tried, I could not keep the traces short enough in order to avoid reflections and simulation was revealing significant overshoot and undershoot (>300 mV) so I decided to use termination resistors. The impedance of the traces is 50Ω so I am going to use this value or a value close to it. So far so good.

What I realized, then, is that this means a great number of resistors. The FT has 36 data lines, which means 72 resistors since they are bidirectional (according to what I have read I must terminate in both directions) as well as 5 other control lines resulting in a total number of around 80 resistors. And here come my questions, since I am a rookie in the high-speed design business:

  • What type of resistor? Should I use regular SMD resistors or an array in a chip? FTDI in their breakout board UMFT601 use those 33Ω chip arrays which I cannot identify. I did some research over component distributors and found some solutions but I did not notice any significant advantage (space, total price) of using a chip over normal SMD, apart from easier placement during design. Is there a standard approach to this situation?

  • Max distance between pin and resistor? How far the pin is OK to place the the resistors? I know they should be as close as possible but since the FT package is QFN the array (whether is chip or normal SMD) has to have some distance in order to achieve the connections properly.

  • Terminate both sides? Do I have to terminate both sides on the bidirectional pins? Most literature is focused and discuss one direction when analyzing signal integrity and I have not found many resources on the subject of bidirectional.

Best Answer

What type of resistor

People use SMD resistor arrays all the time. They are easy to find on Digi-Key, Mouser, or any other place. The FTDI reference design uses 4xR arrays. Why do you question their advice?

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Max distance between pin and resistor? How far the pin is OK to place the the resistors? I know they should be as close as possible but since the FT package is QFN the array (whether is chip or normal SMD) has to have some distance in order to achieve the connections properly.

There is always a trade-off. See above. Why don't you take their reference design as a guide?

Terminate both sides? Do I have to terminate both sides on the bidirectional pins? Most literature is focused and discuss one direction when analyzing signal integrity and I have not found many resources on the subject of bidirectional.

Termination on the other end depends on input impedance of the link "partner". If this is a FPGA, good ones usually have configurable controlled impedance, so you might need no termination at all if the FPGA configuration is right.

More, from the FTDI datasheet (looking at VIH/VIL at specified drive current) it looks like their driver impedance is about 75 Ω. If you try to target your your traces for 70-80 Ω (which should be easier than 50 Ω) and don't use a controlled-impedance connector in between, you might need no series termination at all.