Can someone please explain to me why the output of this level-shifting circuit starts charging from around 2.8V to 5V, and NOT from 3.3V to 5V.
At the time where the output is at 5V there is a 3.3V potential at the source and gate terminal.
So i thought that the drain-source capacitance and the gate-drain capacitance would ramp up from 3.3V to 5V.
below is the circuit diagram and oscilloscope pictures. I get the exact same results when simulating the circuit, so i am definitely missing something.
UPDATE:
After studying my simulation a bit more:
This is what it looks like when i zoom. The voltage is initially 3.3V. Could this be due to reverse recovery??? so that the body diode conducts in the reverse condition for a short period of time. Could that be why the source voltage goes to 2.7V because of a diode drop?
Best Answer
Consider this simplified capacitor MOSFET model... In this model, all switches switch at the same time, so when the input switches the short across C3 is removed.
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
When it initially switches the gate jumps up to 6.6V and the drain to 3.3V. The gate charge quickly drops down to zero and C2 discharges into C3 (Cds) creating a negative Vds voltage. With equal capacitances, and the diode disconnected, the output would reach half 3.3V. Thereafter the capacitors are charged though R1.
With the diode connected across C3, it prevents the output dropping under Vf below the input voltage. Which is what you are witnessing.
Of course the real model is more complicated than that and includes inductances, but for the scope of your question at hand, this model is sufficient.
As for the capacitance. If you look at your scope trace you will see that the charge is almost linear as it first rises. This is because the capacitance falls as Vds increases.