Electronic – Radial capacitor marking

Generally there are two labels on most caps.

The first is the value, which is written:
<Digit><Digit><Exponential Notation>
It's generally in picofarads.

The second is the TempCo, or Temperature Coefficient. There are two common specification systems, namely EIA Class 1 and Class 2. This is the mysterious second label in most cases. It's generally written:
<Letter><Number><Letter> (though there are a few variations)
There are a few common tempcos - NP0/C0G, X7R, X5R, Y5V, Z5U

Tantalums, and bigger ceramics often also have the voltages:
<voltage number><+ or v>

Therefore:

• 104 K5K (small )
  The value is 10e4, or 100,000 pf / 0.1 uF. The tempco is not standard, may be manufacturer specific/extended range.

• 10 (box box, perpendicular right upermost corner) 35+ (Tantalum Cap, bigger variant of the last one)
  Need a picture to be more specific, it's very likely a 35v rated cap, from the 35+.

• 154 C1K (what is C1K, some other notation to Wikipedia?)
  Capacitance is 15e4, or 150,000 pf / 0.15 uF. Looks to be a Class 1 dielectric from the C1K. Is this a large cap? the tempco is very good.

• Orange Ceramic 333 K5X (what is 5X? X roman numeral?)
  33e3, or 33,000 pf / 33 nF. Tempco is either manufacturer specific, or incorrectly read.

• Brown Circle Slit 10n (no other marking, what is the op.temp?) (Diameter: 7.5mm)
  10n very likely means 10 nf, or 10,000 pf. If it's ceramic, it's probably 50v. Likely a cheap part, if the voltage is not marked.

• 27J 100V (what is 27J?) (Diameter: 4.9mm, blackdot on the head)
  Voltage rating is self evident. J is the multiplier, and I think there is a standard for letter multipliers, but I do not remember where to find it.

• Blue Slit Square (triangle) 104K X7R50 (What is triangle? X7R50? Operating V?) (side = 4.9mm)
  10e4 is the value - 100,000 pf / 0.1uF Tempco is X7R. the 50 is likely the voltage rating.

• 104 (side = 2.6mm, op.V? Tolerance?)
  10e4 - 100,000 pf / 0.1uF. Voltage is not known

This is kind of a guess. Anyways, it should show how this sort of thing works. Older parts may vary wildly, and it's always just a guideline. The best thing to do is find the cap's actual datasheet.

A lot of the parts have unusual tempcos. Is this a automotive/extreme duty part which contains these components?

The brown capacitors have values in picoFarads

eg
47 = 47 picoFarad = 47 pF = 0.000 000 000 047 Farad !
10 = 10 pF

For the yellow and green capacitors with markings of the form

anb

Here n = nanoFarad = nF.

1n0 = 1.0 nF
2n2 = 2.2 nF
6n8 = 6.8 nF

Note that the use of xNx here is (probably) unqiue to capacitors in the nF range - I do not recall seeing eg xPx or xUx markings ever.

However page 70 of this superbVishay ceramic single layer capacitors document suggests you might expect to meet any of eg
p68 = 0.68 pF
n15 = 0.15nF = 150 pF
5p0 = 5 pF etc

The green dot is quite likely to be a voltage rating, but alas I don't know what system it uses. There are several different colour/voltage systems. Typically this sort of capacitor is 50 Volt rated but this is not certain.

More usual nnX 3 digit markings

Most capacitor numerical markings are 3 digit and express the value in pF (pico Farad = 10^-12 Farad) with the last digit being a power of 10 multiplier.

So

223 = 22,000 pF = 22 nF = 0.022 uF = 0.000 000 022 F
106 = 10 000 000 pF = 10 uF
100 = 10 pF and NOT 100 pF etc

Part of a larger tutorial series on capacitors. Deals in colour codes. Does not answer exact question but is useful

This does NOT answer the original question but is useful