Use \r
instead of \n
.
Substituting by \n
inserts a null character into the text. To get a newline, use \r
. When searching for a newline, you’d still use \n
, however. This asymmetry is due to the fact that \n
and \r
do slightly different things:
\n
matches an end of line (newline), whereas \r
matches a carriage return. On the other hand, in substitutions \n
inserts a null character whereas \r
inserts a newline (more precisely, it’s treated as the input CR). Here’s a small, non-interactive example to illustrate this, using the Vim command line feature (in other words, you can copy and paste the following into a terminal to run it). xxd
shows a hexdump of the resulting file.
echo bar > test
(echo 'Before:'; xxd test) > output.txt
vim test '+s/b/\n/' '+s/a/\r/' +wq
(echo 'After:'; xxd test) >> output.txt
more output.txt
Before:
0000000: 6261 720a bar.
After:
0000000: 000a 720a ..r.
In other words, \n
has inserted the byte 0x00 into the text; \r
has inserted the byte 0x0a.
If you use an appropriate class or library, they will do the escaping for you. Many XML issues are caused by string concatenation.
XML escape characters
There are only five:
" "
' '
< <
> >
& &
Escaping characters depends on where the special character is used.
The examples can be validated at the W3C Markup Validation Service.
Text
The safe way is to escape all five characters in text. However, the three characters "
, '
and >
needn't be escaped in text:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<valid>"'></valid>
Attributes
The safe way is to escape all five characters in attributes. However, the >
character needn't be escaped in attributes:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<valid attribute=">"/>
The '
character needn't be escaped in attributes if the quotes are "
:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<valid attribute="'"/>
Likewise, the "
needn't be escaped in attributes if the quotes are '
:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<valid attribute='"'/>
Comments
All five special characters must not be escaped in comments:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<valid>
<!-- "'<>& -->
</valid>
CDATA
All five special characters must not be escaped in CDATA sections:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<valid>
<![CDATA["'<>&]]>
</valid>
Processing instructions
All five special characters must not be escaped in XML processing instructions:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?process <"'&> ?>
<valid/>
XML vs. HTML
HTML has its own set of escape codes which cover a lot more characters.
Best Answer
@@
should do it.