EDIT: Question simplified:
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What is the difference between frequency generator and frequency synthesizer.
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What is the difference between clock generator and clock synthesizer.
Electronic – Clock generator/synthesizer, Frequency generator/synthesizer. What is the difference
clock
Related Solutions
SAW
Impatt Diode
Gunn Diode
Magnetron / Klystron / TWT
Esaki diode (tunnel diode)
fXo
Fractional N synthesiser.
More ...
For $US35.70/1 on stock you can gete 1 GHZ fxo modules from Digikey here for prices.
FXO-PC73 series. Up to 1.35 MHz. Multiply in various ways from there.
Datasheet here They say:
- EXTREMELY Low Jitter
- Low Cost
- Frequency Resolution to six decimal places
- Stabilities to ± 20 PPM
- -20 to +70°C or -40 to +85°C operating temperatures
- Serial ID with Comprehensive Traceability
For $5/1 you can buy synthesiser ICs that cover your range.
Typical example only
Gunn diode oscialltyors using cavities for fequency tuning and with varactors for tuning are a time honoured solution and may give you power levels that can be used directly.
ZAX Gunn oscillators
Zax catalog - very pretty
Gunn XBan - well above your range useful
Ham Radio mag 1980 DIY 10 GHz - very relevant if DIYing here
MUCH more. More detail please. Is this homework. If so, tell us what is being asked of you and we will help you learn.
I think that your question is aimed at the program execution speed, and not the clock frequency.
This link has a simple way to explain pipeline. But the picture below (from the site) brings the base information on how the pipeline structure can hurt the execution speed:
From the picture you can see that the pipeline takes advantage of executing two or more tasks simultaneously. The problem is that the period of execution for one cycle is dependent of the longest task in the pipeline. If lots of long tasks enters in the pipeline, the whole chain may suffer the delay. Among these kind of tasks, memory instructions are one of the longest.
If all the memory access are made scattered through the code, the processing time would be higher. If the accesses are grouped, the fast instructions would be executed without the interference of the slower ones.
Other problem that may arise is the junction of pipeline and branch prediction. The prediction tries to guess which is the more probable result from an if instruction and starts to evaluate the guessed path from code even before the result is known. All these instructions are therefore pipelined through the processor. If the guess appears to be wrong, the processor must wait until the pipeline buffer to clear before starting to evaluate the correct path.
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Best Answer
Synthesizer usually is a more complex device than generator. Synthesizer consists multipliers, dividers and mixers to generate desired signal. Generator is typically a device that generates signal with fixed parameters.
Check out the ICs. For example: http://www.digikey.com/product-search/en/integrated-circuits-ics/clock-timing-clock-generators-plls-frequency-synthesizers/